含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

深海变径声阵缆布放回收装置研究

本文提出了基于深海工作站运搭载的变径缆海底布放回收方式，介绍了变径缆海底布放回收装置的主要工作原理和结构组成，完成了布放回收装置主要部套件的设计计算以及和电液控制系统的设计及计算。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

福州东(樟林)车辆段工艺设计实践与创新

随着铁路建设的发展,福建省境内货车保有量大幅度增长,货车检修任务量增加迅速。樟林编组站位于福州枢纽,具备良好的扣车条件,在此新建1处货车车辆段将解决整个福建省货车的定期检修工作,而且能保障列车的运行安全,节约运输成本以及货车周转时间。福州东车辆段出入段线下穿既有温福铁路,有利于行车组织、运营安全。总图因地制宜全创新提出存车线(预检预修)与修车库贯通布置方案。充分梳理预检预修与架落车工艺,提出独立设置预检预修设施。论述抛丸除锈设备独立设置、转向架单臂悬挂检修流水线等修车库与联合车库创新设计,福州东(樟林)车辆段设计实现了创新理念和工程实际的协调统一。     

无砟轨道板精调车结构可靠性分析及优化

为提高无砟轨道板精调车结构的设计水平,考虑精调车荷载、几何尺寸和材料弹性模量等设计变量的随机性,对精调车结构进行可靠性分析、可靠性灵敏度分析和可靠性优化。首先,分析并得到精调车结构在串联失效模式下的结构功能函数;然后,运用响应面法和重要抽样方法,分析得到基于确定性优化的精调车结构的失效概率和可靠性灵敏度结果。最后,根据可靠性灵敏度分析结果,对该结构进行可靠性优化。分析精调车结构在可靠性优化前后的差异,结果表明,与确定性优化结果相比,可靠性优化使精调车结构自重增加了3.55%,但可靠度提高为0.999 999 987 7,说明设计变量的随机性对结构性能的干扰大幅减小。     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

大型船舶钨极氩弧重熔工艺应用

疲劳破坏是船体结构的主要破坏形式之一。改进结构节点的设计和施工工艺,可保证船体结构中受交变载荷作用的构件有足够的疲劳寿命。钨极氩弧(Tungsten Inert Gas, TIG)重熔是改善结构节点焊后疲劳强度的有效方法。与目前船上常用的几种改善疲劳强度的方法进行分析对比,对TIG重熔工艺的重要性进行充分论证,获得实施TIG重熔工艺的技术标准和操作要点。TIG重熔工艺不仅改善结构节点疲劳强度,而且为建造具有较长疲劳寿命的大型船舶找到一个行之有效的方法,可产生良好的经济和社会效益。     

丰都丁庄裂口工业区滑坡的致滑概率研究

笔者通过对丰都丁庄裂口工业区滑坡的机理分析及工程实践经验,总结出了滑坡致滑的四大主要因子———内因、库位降落、暴雨和地震.提出了各因子致滑概率的度量指标及其致滑概率的标准值,建立了概率统计分析方法,并将此方法用于丰都丁庄裂口工业区滑坡的致滑概率分析,所得的结论与实际情况比较吻合.     

散货船舱口盖剩余强度

通过对散货船舱口盖极限强度的理论分析，采用了正交各向异性板及刚塑性模型进行了理论上的推导，并对7万t散货船的1号舱的舱口盖(两块对称滚动式)，进行了ILL66及IACS URS21(1998年版与上述ILL66的88议定书中载荷的量级相当)的外载荷的比较及线性和非线性的有限元分析。本文所采用的有限元的线性及弹塑性计算对实际的舱口盖进行评估的结果证明，IACS URS21(ILL66的88议定书)的标准比ILL66的标准有所提高。采用非线性有限元法是在初始设计阶段使用的可行方法。这些结果可供规范研制工作参考。