波形钢腹板连续梁桥设计和施工相关问题探讨

大跨度波形钢腹板梁桥是一种新型桥梁结构,因其采用波形钢腹板替代混凝土腹板,相比传统的预应力混凝土连续梁桥,具有轻型、经济等诸多方面的特点。以前山河波形钢腹板连续梁桥为背景,针对设计和施工中的诸如内衬砼、剪力键、横隔板等相关问题进行了分析探讨。     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

市政道路路基处理及边坡防护典型工程实例

以路基处理和边坡防护工程实例为例,介绍了路基处理中粉喷桩、SDDC桩、高分子注浆、泡沫轻质土,以及边坡防护中排桩挡墙的适用条件、应用场景,帮助道路工程师依据不同的工程边界条件,选择适用、经济、合理可行的工程措施方案来解决工程实际问题。     

表层嵌贴CFRP-混凝土界面粘结性能简化分析

为深入研究表层嵌贴碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固混凝土结构的界面粘结性能,采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法,分析了混凝土强度、粘结长度和槽边距等因素对界面粘结性能的影响,提出了考虑残余摩擦力的三折线粘结滑移本构模型,并将其简化为无上升段的双折线模型,建立了其界面粘结应力微分方程,通过求解方程得出了解析解的一般形式,推导出界面粘结应力、界面滑移量的分布函数,进而得到了界面粘结承载力的计算公式.最后通过试验对双折线粘结滑移模型进行了验证,并与三折线粘结滑移模型进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:由简化的双折线粘结滑移模型得到的界面粘结行为曲线和基于三折线模型的差异不大,并与试验结果吻合较好;提出的简化分析方法能够较好地描述表层嵌贴CFRP与混凝土的粘结行为.     

兴宁市兴旺大桥主桥总体设计

兴旺大桥为(29.25m+76.5m+29.25m)中承式系杆拱桥,拱肋外倾24°,边腿与主拱脚形成V撑。为减小温度效应对拱梁固结处及基础的不利影响,在主跨设2道伸缩缝,同时设置系杆以平衡拱的水平推力。通过兴旺大桥主桥的总体设计介绍,为同等跨径的特色景观桥梁设计提供一种选型参考。     

双塔双索面稀索斜拉桥加固设计

以南阁大桥的主桥斜拉桥加固为工程背景,基于将挂梁与主跨相邻35m工字梁作为整体来计算桥梁结构损伤程度校验系数的研究现状,考虑将挂梁作为单独受力的简支梁置于两侧斜拉桥框架上来计算校验系数,并据此校验系数判定桥梁的损伤程度,对旧桥进行加固设计。     

泥石流对公路工程的影响及其防护措施

介绍泥石流的形成条件及其对公路工程的影响,结合"5·12"汶川地震后泥石流灾害工程的防治对策,对公路工程泥石流防治的措施进行分析和探讨,对震后修建的防治泥石流灾害新型结构进行总结。     

钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工技术优化研究

有吊杆参与的桥梁结构均存在结构线型调整与吊杆索力优化问题,吊杆张拉状况很大程度上可决定桥梁结构最终的外形和内力分布情况。以钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工优化关键技术为对象,研究吊杆施工初始张拉力的确定以及不同吊杆张拉顺序对成桥状态的影响。