铁路路基动态变形模量的数值模拟分析

介绍铁路路基动态变形模量理论计算公式的推导及动态变形模量的测试原理,采用有限元软件模拟动态变形模量的测试过程,分析承载板与土体接触压力、路基动态变形模量的影响因素,并计算动态变形模量的有效测试深度.结果表明:在承载板中心一定范围内,接触压力模拟结果较理论计算值大;土体的动弹性模量对接触压力影响很小,可以忽略;路基动态变形模量测试冲击荷载作用下,土体只发生弹性变形;动态变形模量与土体动弹性模量呈线性关系,路基动态变形模量的模拟结果大于理论计算值;土体的泊松比对动态变形模量影响较小;动态变形模量有效测试深度建议取0.5~0.6 m.     

型腔结构对尾轴承力学性能影响的有限元分析

型腔尺寸的大小和腔数对水润滑橡胶尾轴承的力学性能有重要影响，并且直接影响轴承的承载能力和运转精度。本文基于有限元法，研究了不同型腔数目、型腔全角和型腔长度对尾轴承的力学性能影响。结果表明：在5种不同腔数尾轴承的研究对比中发现，4腔尾轴承的力学性能最优。研究型腔全角和长度因素影响时，发现全角55°长度500 mm的型腔结构性能更好。     

基于SHEL和三角模糊数理论的地铁钻爆法施工安全评价方法研究

为合理应用决策数据中不同专家的背景知识,找出地铁施工过程中安全测评体系的关注重点,根据地铁施工的特点和SHEL安全模型理论,建立以人-软件(L-S)、人-硬件(L-H)、人-环境(L-E)和人-人(L-L)4个环节为基础的钻爆法地铁施工安全指标体系。请专家给出指标语义评价等级和指标权重语义评价等级,并根据其与三角模糊数的对应关系分别得出三角模糊数评价值。针对不同专家的重要性程度差异,提出基于三角模糊数的群一致性评价方法,得出专家综合权重,集结评价数据,最终得到安全评价结果。最后,对青岛地铁1号线过海段进行实例分析。结果表明,该方法可以解决群评价过程中专家个体权威与群体共识难以兼顾的问题,能够充分利用群决策中的原始评价信息,提高地铁施工安全水平评价的准确性。     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

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研究了高峰时段列车运行的衔接协调对换乘站候车客流量的优化问题。首先分析了换乘站各站台候车客流的组成因素,确定出各运行方向的换乘站台内客流量随时间变化的规律。然后,以时段内换乘站候车客流量的最大值最小为目标,建立优化模型。模型以站台最大可容纳候车人数为约束条件,以各方向列车在换乘站的到达时刻为调整对象,实现了高峰时段换乘站内聚集客流的优化。最后,针对验证案例,设计了遗传算法进行求解,得出了协调较优解,并给出与较劣解的对比分析。结果表明,该优化方法能够有效降低换乘站内的候车客流人数,可为网络化的优化协调工作提供参考。     

基于VDI2230-2003标准的动车组车钩联接螺栓强度分析

使用ANSYS软件对某车钩安装座及其联接螺栓进行接触非线性静强度计算,在此基础上基于德国《VDI2230-2003螺栓强度校核标准》对螺栓进行强度评估,并和传统《机械设计手册》计算的结果进行比较,得出两种方法的计算值均满足强度要求,同时前者计算的轴向拉应力水平为后者计算的应力水平的72%,但剪切应力两者相同.     

叶片数对喷水推进低比转速轴流泵叶轮水动力性能的影响

喷水推进低比转速轴流泵是随着喷水推进技术的发展而产生的一种新泵型。针对一型低比转速轴流泵叶轮叶片数分别选取为5、6、7建立三组叶轮模型,选择RNG k-ε两方程涡粘模型进行叶轮内流场与功率、总压扬程、效率的数值模拟计算,得到三组叶轮的相关水动力曲线。在此基础上分析叶片数对低比转速轴流泵叶轮水动力性能的影响,得到叶片数对功率、总压扬程与工况点影响较大,而基本不影响最高效率的结论,为我国该类泵型的深入研究提供参考。     

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Bow Profiles on Resistance of an Underwater Vehicle in Free Surface Motion

In this paper, towing tank experiments are conducted to study the behavior of flow on a model of the underwater vehicle with various shapes of bows, i.e. tango and standard bows in free surface motion ...     

北美铁路降低轮轨接触应力新进展

介绍了北美铁路在降低轮轨接触应力和轮轨作用力方面的研究成果.