软弱地质条件下隧道开挖新方法探讨

在软弱地质条件下大断面隧道施工中,采用新奥法施工时,目前国内外采用的施工方法大体上可分为2种,即CRD法和双侧壁法。初期支护过量下沉是当前隧道施工中的一个突出问题,由于过量下沉引起初期支护侵限需要换拱的情况普遍存在,下沉超过限度造成塌孔继而造成重大事故的情况也时有发生。目前使用的施工开挖方法,都不能很好地解决下沉和侧向收敛问题。接连不断的隧道跨塌事故已充分证明了这一点。一种新的施工方法--下部导洞法,不仅可以从根本上解决初期支护下沉和收敛问题,而且施工安全、施工速度快、有利于提高初期支护的施工质量,并且可以明显的降低工程造价。     

大规模“一柱一桩”施工精度控制关键技术

上海市某污水处理厂工程一体化箱体基坑面积约12.3万m2,典型基坑深度17.5 m,逆作法施工。其中灌芯500×16钢管立柱数量达1861根,采用一柱一桩法施工,立柱桩基直径1 m。钢管立柱设计定位误差不大于5 mm,垂直误差不大于1/500。工程中采用桩顶扩径、桩底后注浆、校正架调垂等施工工艺,保证了大规模“一柱一桩”钢管立柱的稳定性和施工精度,最终钢立柱垂直度合格率达98.3%。为类似的逆作法一柱一桩工程施工提供参考和借鉴。     

三峡船闸人字门底枢检修低位顶门方案

人字门是三峡船闸重要设备之一,其运行频次高,加速了底枢故障率的发生,必须定期实施顶升进行底枢检查与修理。目前,人字门检修通常是在计划性停航检修期间,采用高位顶门检修工艺,须实施拆除顶枢及启闭机构、固门等工序,适合工期较长的计划性大修项目。针对人字门底枢日常运行中可能存在的突发故障,提出在不拆除顶枢时对人字门低位顶门、应用底枢移出装备及配套工装实施底枢移出的检修方案。研究表明,该底枢检修低位顶门方案具有可行性,可为三峡船闸人字门顶门检修提供备选方案。     

沙河黑臭水体污染底泥清除标准分析

在黑臭水体综合治理中,清淤是消除内源污染的有效方法。合理确定疏浚深度,是消除内源污染的首要问题。通过视觉分层法、含量分析法及释放试验法,对沙河底泥污染物含量及释放量进行分析,最终确定将底泥中重金属污染物超标或TN含量1 500 mg/kg或TP含量500 mg/kg作为底泥清淤控制指标的限值。按此标准确定清淤厚度为0.3~4.4 m,清除底泥约37.17万m~3,可清除TN 1 848.75 t、TP 825.62 t,有效清除了内源污染,为沙河后期水体的生态修复提供较好的内在条件。     

大直径实心桩缺陷瞬态响应分析

针对大直径实心桩的瞬态响应模拟问题,考虑突变型、渐变型和复合型3类概化缺陷特征,提出简化建模方法。基于Rayleigh-Love杆理论、平面应变模型以及虚土桩模型建立数学模型,并借助积分变换方法获得相应解,同时编制高效的计算程序。在此基础上,对比突变型、渐变型、复合型缺陷模拟结果的差异并讨论桩端环向污染与桩底沉渣缺陷的反射波曲线响应特征,以验证计算方法的有效性。该方法可用于复杂缺陷特征反射波信号的分析判断。     

京杭运河边软土地基沉井施工技术

软土地质条件下,沉井的施工时易产生周边土体沉降、失稳、底涌、超沉等问题。该文通过杭州运河边丽水路沉井施工,对软土地基沉井施工技术进行探讨,希望能对今后软土地基上施工沉井起到一定的借鉴作用。     

Prediction of the forces acting on container carriers in muddy navigation areas using a fluidization parameter

To assess the safety of navigation in muddy areas, a comprehensive captive manoeuvring model test program was executed. Based on the results of this experimental program, a four-quadrant manoeuvring model was built with a separate set of coefficients for each combination of under-keel clearance and mud layer characteristics. The disadvantage of this model is that only conditions corresponding with the experimental ones can be simulated. A more consolidated mathematical model was needed. This was achieved with the introduction of a fluidization parameter that determines the corresponding hydrodynamically equivalent depth above a solid bottom. As a result, the under-keel clearance dependency of a given mathematical manoeuvring model can be reformulated in such way that the effect of any realistic muddy condition is included. In this article, the modelling of the hull forces, the propeller thrust and torque, and the forces acting on the rudder will be discussed.     

Wave scattering by undulating bed topography in a two-layer ocean

The problem of wave scattering by undulating bed topography in a two-layer ocean is investigated on the basis of linear theory. In a two-layer fluid with the upper layer having a free surface, there exist two modes of waves propagating at both the free surface of the upper layer and the interface between the two layers. Due to a wave train of a particular mode incident on an obstacle which is bottom-standing on the lower layer, reflected and transmitted waves of both modes are created by the obstacle. For small undulations on the bottom of the lower layer, a perturbation method is employed to obtain first-order reflection and transmission coefficients of both modes for incident wave trains of again both modes in terms of integrals involving the bed-shape function. For sinusoidal undulations, numerical results are presented graphically to illustrate the energy transfer between the waves of different modes by the undulating bed. U. BASU was born in 1949. She is a professor in the Department Applied Mathematics, Calcutta University, India. Her current research interests include water wave problems, continuum mechanics, etc.     

振冲技术在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验与应用

洋山一期陆域工程深厚吹填砂区为粉细砂陆域,一般工程性质较差,必须采用适当的加固措施进行处理。介绍了对几种地基处理方案的比选,提出采用振冲法。较详细阐述了振冲法在洋山港区地基处理工程中的试验和应用,并通过表层沉降观测数据表明,效果很好。最后得出洋山港大面积深厚粉细砂无填料振冲法地基处理成功的结论,可为同类工程借鉴。     

单层钢板桩深水围堰施工技术

九华河大桥水中墩的施工过程中采用单层钢板桩进行水下围堰施工,结合工程的实际情况,对单层钢板桩稳定性、涌砂隆起进行了验算,确定了单层钢板桩的设计参数,并对施工过程中钢板桩的受力大小以及封底层厚度进行了计算,为施工提供了可靠依据。施工过程的监测数据表明,该单层钢板桩设计合理,结构稳定,保证了工程的顺利进行,为以后类似工程施工提供了较大的参考价值。