钢箱梁桥面柔性铺装荷载响应力学分析

根据线弹性理论和层状体系理论,用有限元分析方法对钢箱梁桥面铺装层的弯沉量、层顶弯拉应力、粘结层与桥面板结合处的主剪切应力的分布与变化进行了计算与分析,确定了最大弯沉量、最大弯拉应力和最大层间剪切应力的产生位置及其量值。研究结果可以为大跨径钢箱梁桥面柔性铺装设计提供理论参考。     

基于尺度—小波能量谱和神经网络的内燃机故障诊断

为了对内燃机气门及活塞—连杆组故障进行有效地诊断,通过试验测取内燃机在不同故障下的振动信号,利用连续小波变换得到信号在不同尺度上的能量分布,即信号的尺度—小波能量谱。其能量主要分布于尺度范围1~32,且相同故障模式下的尺度—小波能量谱呈现出相似性,不同故障模式之间的尺度—小波能量谱存在很大的差异性,以此作为不同故障模式的信号特征,结合BP神经网络方法,实现了对待检信号的正确识别。     

曲线PC箱梁桥隔震体系的非线性分析

为了改善曲线PC箱梁桥的抗震性能,基于空间有限元法,采用非线性弹簧单元模拟铅芯橡胶支座,考虑了减隔震支座的非线性特性,以一座三跨曲线PC连续箱梁桥为例,分别对设置板式橡胶支座及铅芯橡胶支座的结构体系进行了非线性动力时程地震响应分析,并研究了铅芯橡胶支座在曲线梁桥中的减隔震效果.分析结果表明:铅芯橡胶支座具有很好的减隔震效果,能显著降低下部结构的地震响应值;多维地震荷载作用下,曲线箱梁桥的受力更为不利.     

磴口黄河特大桥0号块空间应力分析研究

采用大型通用有限元软件MIADSFEA进行空间计算，以磴口黄河特大桥为工程实例进行研究。用三维有限单元法对连续梁桥0号块作分析，对施工中0号块在最大悬臂状态下和成桥阶段的应力作计算，计算出各阶段0号块的应力状态，为优化设计和改进施工方法提供依据。对运营节段0号块在最不利荷载组合作用下的应力作计算，计算出0号块的应力状态。     

重庆鹅公岩轨道专用桥加劲梁合龙关键技术

重庆鹅公岩轨道专用桥桥跨布置为(50+210+600+210+50)m,是目前世界上跨度最大的自锚式悬索桥.该桥加劲梁为5跨连续梁,锚跨和锚固段为混凝土梁,其余为钢箱梁.加劲梁锚固段采用可滑移现浇支架施工,锚跨采用常规现浇支架施工,边跨采用顶推法施工,中跨采用斜拉扣挂法施工.加劲梁先合龙边跨,后合龙中跨,最后合龙锚跨.通过在塔梁交叉处设置纵向位置调整系统、在混凝土锚跨下设置可纵向滑移支架主动控制合龙时机,避免了天气条件的不利影响,缩短了工期;通过有效控制锚固段及锚跨混凝土梁段的变形,减少施工对混凝土的扰动,从而控制混凝土梁段的质量;通过优化支架结构降低支架复杂程度和安全风险,从而降低支架费用.该桥加劲梁的合龙技术,可为同类桥梁施工提供借鉴.     

京张高速铁路连续梁0^#段吊装施工技术

依托新建北京至张家口高速铁路延庆下行联络线跨大浮坨村烽火台特大桥主跨连续梁0^#段工程施工,详细地介绍了连续梁0^#段预制完成后吊装就位的施工技术,并制定了安装过程施工质量和安全控制措施。采用该技术,连续梁0^#段和桥梁主墩可同时施工,不仅能保证工程施工质量和工期,而且在北方寒冷地区高空中无法实现冬施措施的项目中具有很强的推广价值。通过新建京张高速铁路桥梁工程的连续梁工程的快速施工,验证了该技术的可行性。     

长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥采用速度锁定器装置减震性能研究

长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥固定墩地震响应大,抗震设计困难。通过设置速度锁定装置,并对各种速度锁定器布置方案进行比选分析,研究该类桥梁桥墩采用速度锁定器装置后的减震性能。由于设置速度锁定器装置的活动墩的分担,各方案整体减震率可达到20.5%～47.1%。如锁定墩(设置速度锁定器装置的活动墩)墩高相比固定墩和其他锁定墩墩高矮很多,或者锁定墩一侧未采用速度锁定器装置的活动墩较多,则该锁定墩的地震响应可能超过原固定墩。该类桥梁确定锁定器布置方案时应综合考虑内力和位移的减震效果、锁定力大小,并同时兼顾公路层和铁路层梁-墩相对位移的大小等因素的影响。对长联公铁两用钢桁梁桥,采用速度锁定器装置并优化其布置方案后,可取得较好的减震效果。     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002-2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

Assessing social equity in distance based transit fares using a model of travel behavior

The goal of this study is to develop and apply a new method for assessing social equity impacts of distance-based public transit fares. Shifting to a distance-based fare structure can disproportionately favor or penalize different subgroups of a population based on variations in settlement patterns, travel needs, and most importantly, transit use. According to federal law, such disparities must be evaluated by the transit agency, but the area-based techniques identified by the Federal Transit Authority for assessing discrimination fail to account for disparities in distances travelled by transit users. This means that transit agencies currently lack guidelines for assessing the social equity impacts of replacing flat fare with distance-based fare structures. Our solution is to incorporate a joint ordinal/continuous model of trip generation and distance travelled into a GIS Decision Support System. The system enables a transit planner to visualize and compare distance travelled and transit-cost maps for different population profiles and fare structures. We apply the method to a case study in the Wasatch Front, Utah, where the Utah Transit Authority is exploring a switch to a distance-based fare structure. The analysis reveals that overall distance-based fares benefit low-income, elderly, and non-white populations. However, the effect is geographically uneven, and may be negative for members of these groups living on the urban fringe.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.