丁坝错口距离的最优值、极限值研究

丁坝的布置方法直接影响到工程的效果,其关键是利用丁坝的坝后回流区。本文通过理论分析和水槽实验,提出了两岸丁坝在适当错口布置时整治范围增大的看法。获得了错口距离的最优值、极限值。错口坝的回流长度与宽度,回流与主流的分界边线的计算公式,计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

锚泊时船舶放链长度的确定及其实用图表

本文给出了船舶锚泊时所受到的风作用力、水作用力和放出锚链长度的计算公式,以及实用数表和曲线图,可供查取。数表和曲线是根据文中确定的如下关系式编绘:L_b≈1/2Ln;L≈1.5L。(其中L_b——卧底锚链长度;L_n——悬垂锚链长度;L——放出锚链总长度)。十一例实船计算表明,根据上式计算结果,与目前国内外通用的方法确定的放链长度相符。利用这些数表和曲线图,既可合理地确定不同海况下船舶所应放出的锚链长度,也可减少起锚时的功率消耗和缩短起锚时间。     

Studies on the optimization of stern hull form based on a potential flow solver

A hypothesis of the minimum energy of secondary flow, suggested by Bessho, is introduced here. According to this hypothesis, it can be expected that hull forms having frame lines with a minimum energy of secondary flow show less form drag. In the first part of this article, secondary flow energy is evaluated for the cases with and without a free-surface effect, and Bessho’s hypothesis is confirmed for practical hull forms. Then optimization methods for the stern hull form are suggested, in which a nonlinear optimization technique is introduced. Numerical examples are given for a practical tanker hull form and a practical container hull form. From these studies, the suggested optimization method can be confirmed as a simplified and practical design method to the select frame lines of stern hull forms.     

The interaction of tidal advection, diffusion and mussel filtration in a tidal channel

Time series measurements of flow and pigment concentrations (Chl) in the Menai Strait have revealed that the strong residual flow in a tidal channel ( 500 m³ s^− 1) transports phytoplankton from the open sea into the channel where much of it is consumed by suspension feeders, mainly in commercial beds of Mytilus edulis. The progressive depletion of phytoplankton along the channel results in a strong horizontal gradient of plankton and hence Chl. Tidal displacement of this gradient causes large (± 50% of mean) oscillations of Chl in the vicinity of the mussel beds. Vertical mixing by the strong tidal flows is sufficiently vigorous for most of the tidal cycle to ensure that downward diffusion can resupply the near-bed layer although there are indications of some transient depletion around slack water.This paradigm of the interaction of advection, diffusion and filtration determining the distribution of plankton and its supply to mussels has been encapsulated in a series of simple models forced only by boundary values. In the first, a 1-D model of tidal flow in the channel reproduces the principal features of the observed currents including the unusually large spatial change in phase of the currents and the variation of the residual transport with tidal range. The flow field from this physical model is used to drive a second model based on the advection diffusion equation for Chl with a source at the Irish Sea boundary and a sink over the mussel bed. This model illustrates the formation of a strong Chl gradient along the channel and simulates the amplitude and phase of the M₂ oscillations of Chl and the development of the M₄ variation apparent in the observations. This second model has been extended to 2-D over the mussel beds to allow investigation of the effects of water column mixing. The model indicates that only for a short period ( 30 min), close to slack water, is mixing sufficiently reduced to permit the development of a depletion boundary layer and then only within  1 m from the bottom, a result which is consistent with the observations.     

590MPa船用钢板控冷模型设计改进

针对我国自行研制的590MPa高强度船用钢板控冷模型的不足进行了改进,编制了新的控冷模型程序.该项研究对节约能耗、降低生产成本及提高钢板质量,具有一定的实际意义.     

船用柴油机排气冷却降噪装置性能仿真与实验研究

在特定情况下,船用大功率柴油机排气温度和噪声会受到严格限制,为解决这一问题,考虑在柴油机后安装冷却降噪装置.现应用湍流气粒两相流动的计算流体力学理论,对冷却降噪装置的冷却效果及阻力特性进行仿真计算,计算结果和试验吻合较好.     

船体变形测量技术综述

讨论了船体变形产生的原因,对目前常用的船体变形测量技术研究现状进行了叙述和分析,主要介绍了偏振光能量测量法,大钢管基准法,双光源双CCD测量法,双频偏振光法,光栅法,液体压力测量法,摄影测量法,应变传感器测量法,多部位安装航姿系统,惯性测量匹配法,GPS测量法等,探讨了船体变形测量技术面临的问题和未来发展方向.     

一种扫路车吸嘴内部结构的优化

通过对吸扫式扫路车吸嘴口气流状态以及速度测试的分析,在不增加制造和使用成本的前提下,对吸嘴内部结构进行了优化设计,增大了吸力,提高了吸扫式扫路车的扫净率。     

热式空气流量传感器工作特点及相关故障分析

简要地介绍了空气流量计安装位置及特点、热膜式空气流量汁主体结构及特点、检测原理及其对应特点,并以实例进行厂重点阐述。     

An investigation of the effects of pneumatic actuator design on slip control for heavy vehicles

Progress in reducing actuator delays in pneumatic brake systems is opening the door for advanced anti-lock braking algorithms to be used on heavy goods vehicles. However, little has been published on slip controllers for air-braked heavy vehicles, or the effects of slow pneumatic actuation on their design and performance. This paper introduces a sliding mode slip controller for air-braked heavy vehicles. The effects of pneumatic actuator delays and flow rates on stopping performance and air (energy) consumption are presented through vehicle simulations. Finally, the simulations are validated with experiments using a hardware-in-the-loop rig. It is shown that for each wheel, pneumatic valves with delays smaller than 3 ms and orifice diameters around 8 mm provide the best performance.