可控被动水舱研究

可控被动水舱是一种新型的减摇水舱，它可克服传统被动水舱的缺点，在任何海况下都能较有效地减缓船舶的横摇运动。本文讨论了可控被动水舱的理论分析方法。数值计算结果表明，它与摇摆试验台的模型试验结果具有良好的一致性。     

铁路货物招标的问题分析与对策

研究目的：目前铁路工程货物招标中存在的投标主体资格的确定、招标业务工作费高、招标和合同运作模式导致项目造价增加等一系列问题，极大程度地影响了招标工作的正常进行并增加了项目造价，本文特对此进行探讨。研究方法：在介绍铁路物资招标供应模式的基础上，从投标主体资格的认定和甲控物资设备招标运作模式2个方面探讨各种问题产生的原因，确定招标人子公司参与投标的合法地位。研究结论：为保证招标过程的公平、公证，在编制资格审查条件时，不允许与招标人有特殊经济利益关系的单位参与投标竞争，如果不在资格上限制而允许招标人子公司参与投标，评标委员会不能有招标人代表；甲控物资设备不进入总承包合同价，尽量减少招标和项目管理过程中的各项资金流转次数，从而降低招标工作费用和铁路工程项目造价。     

Multimode trip information detection using personal trajectory data

Handheld global positioning system (GPS) devices can serve as a new tool to collect an individual's trip information with advantages of low cost, accurate data, and intensive spatial coverage. Various machine learning algorithms have been explored to detected trip train information in previous studies; however, few of them focused on the evaluation and comparison of the performance and applicability of different models. Meanwhile, according to previous studies, car and bus mode detection is a thorny issue due to their similar travel characteristics, and algorithms still need to be well explored and improved to solve this problem. In this article, an innovative method is proposed to detect trip information, including trip modes, mode-changing time and location, and other attributes, from personal trajectory data. The method is a two-step process. A machine learning algorith-based module (including artificial neural network, support vector machine, random forests, and Bayesian network) is firstly used to identify walk, bicycle, and motorized trip modes (bus or car); we thoroughly compared the performance of these four algorithms. Then a second module, using critical points on the GPS trajectories, is further developed to distinguish car and bus mode, incorporated with GIS map information. Field test results show that the proposed machine learning models can all be applied for walk, bicycle, and motorized mode detection with high detection rates exceeding 90%; however, the algorithms work relatively poorly for bus and car mode detection, with results mostly below 75%. The proposed two-step method can greatly improve bus and car mode detection accuracy by 14–30%. As a result, the average mode detection rates for all the four modes are above 90%. Compared with mode detection results by using only the machine learning algorithm, the proposed two-step method has much better performance in both accuracy and consistency.     

Conflict‐free time‐based trajectory planning for aircraft taxi automation with refined taxiway modeling

To mitigate airport congestion caused by increasing air traffic demand, the trajectory‐based surface operations concept has been proposed to improve surface movement efficiency while maintaining safety. It utilizes decision support tools to provide optimized time‐based trajectories for each aircraft and uses automation systems to guide surface movements and monitor their conformance with assigned trajectories. Whether the time‐based trajectories can be effectively followed so that the expected benefits can be guaranteed depends firstly on whether these trajectories are realistic. So, this paper first deals with the modeling biases of the network model typically used for taxi trajectory planning via refined taxiway modeling. Then it presents a zone control‐based dynamic routing and timing algorithm upon the refined taxiway model to find the shortest time taxi route and timings for an aircraft. Finally, the presented algorithm is integrated with a sequential planning framework to continuously decide taxi routes and timings. Experimental results demonstrate that the solution time for an aircraft can be steadily around a few milliseconds with timely cleaning of expired time windows, showing potential for real‐time decision support applications. The results also show the advantages of the proposed methodology over existing approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

丰田凯美瑞发动机点火系统原理与故障排除实例

针对广州丰田凯美瑞轿车一例特殊故障——发动机高速运行之后抖动、动力下降,着重分析其发动机点火系统的工作原理,并对故障现象作逐步的诊断和分析,最终排除故障。     

鱼雷扩展螺旋机动搜索弹道设计

当不能准确掌握目标运动信息时,对鱼雷发射平台而言,目标位置散布于一定的区域之内。要提高鱼雷搜索捕捉目标的概率,可利用鱼雷航程远的特性,设计一种扩展螺旋机动搜索弹道,使鱼雷搜索范围尽可能地覆盖目标散布区域。基于这种设想,提出描述鱼雷扩展螺旋机动搜索弹道的参数和确定方法,并对这种弹道进行仿真和分析,得出其适用条件和不足之处。     

纯距离目标跟踪中的观测站机动航路优化研究磁

纯距离测量条件下,对于静止目标,单观测站必须进行机动转向才可观测,根据可观测矩阵,提出可观测度的概念,推导出观测站一次转向机动时的优化航路,即观测站转向前后航向角度差为（观测站一次转向）。仿真结果表明,优化航路在定位精度、稳定性和跟踪速度方面性能方面最佳。     

阀控非对称缸全状态反馈位置系统研究

根据非对称缸电液位置伺服系统的组成,对系统中的阀控非对称缸的数学模型进行了研究,得出基于全状态反馈的电液伺服系统的框图和仿真模型.控制器采用全维状态观测器实现状态反馈,以二阶工程最佳为优化目标.仿真结果表明：该控制器实现了液压位置伺服系统的极点配置,完成了优化目标,验证了全状态反馈控制应用在非对称缸电液伺服系统中的可行性.     

面向数据驱动建模的行人轨迹自适应压缩与误匹配识别分割

轨迹数据驱动的行人行为分析建模在公共场合异常事件监测、人车冲突风险评估等方面具有重要意义,广布的交通视频监控是行人群轨迹数据的重要来源。行人轨迹具有趋势性和规律性,提取的原始轨迹信息冗余较大,且密集行人群频繁遮挡,不同行人轨迹易发生误匹配,导致数据失真。针对以上问题,根据行人轨迹的局部结构特征和数值特性,设计一种改进的两阶段自适应滑窗轨迹压缩算法ATSSW (Adaptive Two Stage Sliding Window)和基于轨迹局部转向角的误匹配识别和分割方法ABTDS (Angle-based Trajectory Detection and Segmentation),清洗和压缩行人轨迹数据。首先,ATSSW算法考虑轨迹各坐标分量的数值分布特征,将提取到的所有原始轨迹分为漂移和非漂移2类,采取不同的策略分别压缩2类轨迹;然后,ABTDS算法分析压缩后的轨迹局部转角特征,辨识误匹配轨迹样本;最后,ABTDS算法分割误匹配样本,并用分割后的轨迹更新原始轨迹数据集。研究结果表明：ATSSW算法压缩了653条原始行人轨迹,总压缩信息损失1 002.04,总平均轨迹压缩率为6.07%,总平均轨迹压缩保留率为95.35%;原始轨迹集中存在126条误匹配轨迹,ABTDS算法辨识并成功分割了其中的107条,检出率为84.92%;所提算法抑制了原始行人轨迹中漂移点和误匹配现象所致的干扰,减少了原始轨迹数据噪声,可提高轨迹数据驱动的行人行为建模精确度;适当压缩原始轨迹,可减轻轨迹数据存储处理的负担。