珊瑚礁灰岩可搅拌性PFC3D数值模拟研究

利用珊瑚礁灰岩地区某工程的三轴搅拌桩施工现场数据,采用PFC3D离散元软件分别对不同珊瑚礁灰岩强度、厚度,以及上覆土层厚度进行数值模拟分析.模拟结果显示,当珊瑚礁灰岩强度超过4 MPa,厚度超过3 m后,三轴搅拌机竖向抗力及抵抗弯矩达到其自身性能的极限,出现卡钻、抱钻情况,从而造成三轴搅拌桩止水帷幕无法施工,而上覆土层...     

山莨菪碱在非转流经典原位肝移植中的应用

目的观察山莨菪碱对非转流经典原位肝移植术血流动力学、氧代谢和肾功能的影响。方法选择行非转流经典原位肝移植患者30例,ASA分级Ⅲ-Ⅳ,随机分为山莨菪碱组和对照组,每组15例。山莨菪碱组术中使用1 g/L山莨菪碱10 mg/h,对照组使用相同容量的生理盐水。分别于术前、无肝期前、无肝期30 min、新肝期60 min和术毕测定血流动力学、组织氧代谢和肾功能指标。结果与无肝期前相比,两组无肝期30 min中心静脉压(CVP)明显降低,新肝期60 min CVP明显升高(P<0.05);两组间各时点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和CVP均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组手术时间、无肝期时间、出血量、总入量均无显著性差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,山莨菪碱组尿量显著增多(P<0.05),而速尿的用量显著减少(P<0.05);两组肌酐(Cr)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)术中各时点与术前相比及两组之间相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术前比较,两组无肝期30 min乳酸盐(LAC)水平明显增高,持续至术毕(P<0.01);与对照组相比,山莨菪碱组在无肝期30 min后各时点LAC明显降低(P<0.05)。结论肝移植术中使用山莨菪碱能改善组织微循环,增加术中尿量,对改善肾功能有一定意义。     

肝动脉缺血对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制初探

目的　探讨肝动脉缺血 (HAI)过程中氧自由基对肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法　将家兔按再灌注后有无HAI分为HAI组和对照组。在兔肝自体原位移植模型基础上 ,应用原位末端标记 (TUNEL)技术、免疫组化法和比色法 ,检测肝细胞凋亡指数 (AI)、bc1 2蛋白表达和肝组织中MDA生成水平。结果　随着HAI时间的出现和延长 ,肝细胞凋亡指数增大。当HAI 3h时 ,HAI组凋亡指数增高为 12 .5 %± 1.38% ,与同组HAI 30min、HAI 2h和对照组的AI值比较均有显著性升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。bc1 2蛋白表达阳性细胞于再灌注后增多 ,但HAI组与对照组比较 ,各时点均无明显差异。同时 ,肝组织内MDA含量逐渐增多 ,HAI组HAI 3h达到最高 ,同组HAI各时点的MDA含量比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　HAI损伤可通过进一步促进缺血再灌注后氧自由基的生成而加重肝细胞凋亡的发生 ,阻碍供肝功能的恢复 ,是肝移植后供肝功能不全和并发症发生的关键因素之一。     

Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami on Surin Marine National Park,Thailand

The impacts of the tsunami in 2004 on the reefs in Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, varied with the location and exposure of the reefs. Channel areas between islands were severely damaged. Areas with steep reef slopes were damaged by sand slides or coral collapse more than areas with low slopes. Massive, sub-massive, and encrusting corals were more resistant and resilient to the direct impact of the tsunami than branching, tabulate, and foliose life forms whereas the latter were more tolerant of temporary coverage by sand. Sub-massive corals were the most tolerant overall and survived sand coverage, breakage, and overturning. Live coral cover measured three months after the tsunami was significantly greater than immediately post-tsunami as broken, moved, or sand-covered corals, recorded as impacted in the initial survey, had survived and were regenerating. Low turbidity, lack of pollution, and mild currents possibly contributed to rapid recovery and limited long-term effects of the tsunami. Impact assessment shortly after a major disturbance may give an initial measure of damage but subsequent surveys must be undertaken to identify long-term effects. Understanding patterns of reef damage can help to formulate reef zoning and protection strategies in response to catastrophic events, but also in advance of such events to improve likely resilience of the marine park to disturbance.     

A Comprehensive Method for Assessing Marine Resource Governance: Case Study in Kāne‘ohe Bay,Hawai‘i

A recent metaanalysis identified certain management attributes that are associated with successful management of threshold-based systems. However, high variance among case studies indicates that these attributes do not guarantee good conservation outcomes, suggesting that additional factors may be at play. To better understand these additional factors, we compiled a list of effective governance attributes from the literature, and developed guidance for systematically evaluating their presence, absence, and the extent to which each attribute is actually manifested in a given case study. We also examine the distribution of rights and responsibilities within a system, and the resulting impacts on stewardship incentives. Here we present the results of this analysis as applied to Kāneohe Bay, Hawai‘i. Our results confirm that absent or incomplete effective governance attributes can negatively impact conservation outcomes. In Kāneohe Bay, a public-private partnership temporarily compensated for gaps and weaknesses in the governance system, thereby creating conditions conducive to successfully reducing populations of invasive algae. However, this partnership has since dissolved and current capacity to address this and other issues in this system is again lacking. Failure to fix governance weaknesses may compromise the continued health and functioning of the Kāne'ohe Bay system.     

自体外周血纯化CD34+细胞移植对系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞表达的影响

目的研究自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者CD4 CD25 T细胞表达的影响。方法15例接受自体外周血纯化造血干细胞移植的SLE患者列入研究,应用流式细胞技术动态监测移植前及移植后3、6、12、24个月的CD4 CD25 T细胞表达水平。结果自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗前SLE患者外周血的CD4 CD25 T细胞表达明显低下,移植后3个月出现增高,移植6、12、24个月后达正常水平。复发者外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞的表达水平明显低于非复发者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论自体外周血纯化CD34 细胞移植可通过促进CD4 CD25 T细胞的表达发挥治疗作用。     

肝移植术与肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的meta分析

目的通过meta分析对肝移植术(OLT)和肝切除术(RT)治疗原发肝细胞癌(HCC)的疗效进行综合比较。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid、ScineceDirect、Springerlink、EBSCO、CBM、CNKI数据库、万方、维普,及手工检索国内1990～2010年发表的有关于肝移植和肝切除治疗肝细胞癌的相关文献,选择RevMan5.0软件、用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果按照入选标准,有9项临床试验纳入。Meta分析结果显示,肝移植组和肝切除组患者术后1年生存率相似(OR=1.26,95%CI为0.93～1.17,P=0.13),肝移植组术后3年生存率高于肝切除组(OR=1.68,95%CI为1.31～2.17,P<0.01),肝移植组术后5年生存率高于肝切除组(OR=2.17,95%CI为1.63～2.89,P<0.01),肝移植组术后5年无瘤生存率高于肝切除组(OR=5.07,95%CI为3.27～7.86,P<0.01),肝移植组术后复发率低于肝切除组(OR=0.10,95%CI为0.06～0.14,P<0.01)。结论肝移植术和肝切除术均是治疗肝细胞癌的有效手术方法,但肝移植术预后较肝切除术有优势。     

LHF保存液低温保存大鼠胰腺的实验研究

研究自制 LHF器官保存液对 SD大鼠胰腺的保存效果。方法　 LHF和高渗枸椽酸腺嘌呤保存液保存大鼠胰腺 1 2 h、2 4 h、36h后进行胰岛细胞分离 ,观察保存前、后细胞形态、功能的变化。结果　 LHF液保存大鼠胰腺 36h内 ,组织含水量无显著的增加 ;保存液中胰淀粉酶、胰岛素含量低 ;细胞色素氧化酶活力无显著性降低。胰岛细胞分离后 ,细胞形态结构完整、分泌功能良好 ,其保存效果明显优于高渗枸椽酸腺嘌呤保存液。结论　 LHF作为胰腺保存液能够有效地保存大鼠胰腺 36h,可用于胰岛移植供体保存     

垂体移植对去垂体大鼠的生理功能和靶腺的影响

将体重１５０ｇ～２００ｇ的ＳＤ大鼠随机分成４组，Ⅰ：对照组，Ⅱ：去垂体组，Ⅲ：肌肉移植组，Ⅳ：第Ⅲ脑室移植组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组术后３０ｄ的死亡率分别为５０％、１６．７％、３０％，６０ｄ的存活率分别为１１．８％、６６．７％、６０％。结果提示：垂体移植可提高去垂体大鼠的应激性，并延长寿命。在２个半月的时间内，Ⅰ组体重增加１５８．６±５７．２ｇ，Ⅱ组减少３８．５±１１．２ｇ，相反在肌肉和第Ⅲ脑室移植垂体后Ⅲ组体重增加４７．０±３４．３ｇ，Ⅳ组增加５４．８±３６．２ｇ。这说明：植入二部位的垂体可分泌几乎等量的ＧＨ，但其量还远未达到正常水平。Ⅰ组体温波动于３８．１±０．１３℃，而Ⅱ组降低１．８℃，但在移植垂体后，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的体温均有回升。冷应激试验表明：Ⅰ组的体温均在１．５ｈ内恢复，而Ⅱ组在６ｈ尚未恢复，但Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的体温均在大约２．５ｈ内得以恢复。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肾上腺、性腺的重量较Ⅱ组明显增加，但仍较Ⅰ组有所减少。在形态上，Ⅱ组的肾上腺、性腺均严重萎缩，但在Ⅲ、Ⅳ组均有一定程度的恢复。由于技术上的原因，在肌肉内未找到移植的垂体，但在第Ⅲ脑室都可看到成活的垂体，其细胞形态正常。ＲＩＡ技术测定表明：Ⅲ组血中的ＴＳＨ接近正常水平。