Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

交通土建类工程造价专业工学结合人才培养模式研究

文章介绍了广西交通职业技术学院交通土建类工程造价专业工学结合人才培养模式的实践现状,分析了开展工学结合人才培养模式中出现的问题,提出了工学结合人才培养模式有效运行的措施。     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

多方式多类型交通分配模型(MMA)在收费型公路网中的应用研究

在对收费型公路运营模式进行研究的基础上,利用交通规划软件建立了基于广义费用的交通流量分配模型即多方式多类型交通分配模型,通过对模型参数的科学标定和网络的合理设置,得到各类车型在特定网络上的流量分配、路段饱和率以及通行费用,并对此模型的应用效果进行分析,最终为区域高速公路网规划、路段交通量预测提供依据。     

某高桩码头的荷载试验和承载力评估

介绍某高桩码头原位荷载试验的试验方案和试验过程,并从安全承载角度评定了码头升级使用的可行性,提出了码头安全运行的建议.     

盐田港总体规划实施的环境影响研究

在对盐田港及附近区域环境质量现状调查、监测与评价的基础上,依据相关的环保法规与标准,集合区域社会、经济发展的规划目标,识别规划环境影响的主要因子,提出盐田港区总体规划开发过程中的主要环境问题,从而提出合理开发利用资源、调整经济发展格局及环保综合治理的措施和建议,用以指导建设生态型现代化的盐田港区。     

含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法研究的现状与发展

含缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法较多,主要有极限载荷控制的塑性失效准则、断裂力学J积分的评定方法、英国R6双判据准则评定方法、美国ASME规范评定方法、参数不确定性缺陷的安全评定方法等.文章对这些方法加以简要的概括和评述,并分析了有些方法之间的区别与联系,同时指出工程化、可靠性和智能化是当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法的发展趋向.     

浅谈设备大修与更新阶段的成本控制

在设备日常管理中应该以主动维护代替大修,尽量降低修理级别,并将设备大修及技术改造与设备更新结合起来,充分发挥设备效能,降低综合管理成本,实现企业利润最大化.     

卫星定位数据驱动的营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估模型

为了提高营运车辆驾驶人安全管理的精细化水平,合理地评估驾驶人驾驶风险程度,有的放矢地降低高风险驾驶人的事故率,基于卫星定位数据特点及驾驶行为与驾驶风险的相关关系设计26个驾驶行为特征参数。考虑到高速和非高速行驶时相同驾驶行为对驾驶风险的影响区别较大,根据23名营运车辆驾驶人的实测数据有针对性地筛选高速和非高速路段驾驶人风险评估指标,构建营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估指标体系。然后,基于熵权法、独立性权系数法和Spearman相关系数法建立集成赋权法,确定各评估指标的权重。最后,雇佣40名营运车辆驾驶人进行实车试验以验证模型的合理性。结果表明：车辆速度和加速度方面的驾驶行为特征可以用于评估驾驶人的驾驶风险且评估效果较好,驾驶风险评估得分与实际交通冲突次数呈正相关关系,所建立模型可以较为准确地评估营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险的高低,准确率达到77.50%,该模型在不同地区使用时,准确率存在一定的差异,但在容许范围之内,方法具有较好的鲁棒性。