Validation of an extended discrete first-order model with variable speed limits

This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC.     

A methodology for evaluating the performance of model-based traffic prediction systems

Model-based traffic prediction systems (mbTPS) are a central component of the decision support and ICM (integrated corridor management) systems currently used in several large urban traffic management centers. These models are intended to generate real-time predictions of the system’s response to candidate operational interventions. They must therefore be kept calibrated and trustworthy. The methodologies currently available for tracking the validity of a mbTPS have been adapted from approaches originally designed for off-line operational planning models. These approaches are insensitive to the complexity of the network and to the amount and quality of the data available. They also require significant human intervention and are therefore not suitable for real-time monitoring. This paper outlines a set of criteria for designing tests that are appropriate for the mbTPS task. It also proposes a test that meets the criteria. The test compares the predictions of the mbTPS in question to those of a model-less alternative. A t-test is used to determine whether the predictions of the mbTPS are superior to those of the model-less predictor. The approach is applied to two different systems using data from the I-210 freeway in Southern California.     

递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用

文章通过对现在高职教育改革状况的的分析,论证了道路桥梁技术专业改革的迫切性,主要介绍了递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用。     

海事调查英语培训课程的设计

本文首先分析了海事调查英语培训考试大纲,然后在培训考试大纲分析的基础上为不同级别的海事调查官设计该课程的教学内容、教学重点以及教学方式.实践培训课程表明设计的教学内容和方式符合海事调查官的实际工作需求,并取得良好的教学效果.     

基于改进GA优化的水下机器人航向鲁棒控制

基于某型号水下机器人水平面线性化模型,针对水下机器人系统存在的多种不确定因素,工作环境复杂多变的问题,采用混合灵敏度法设计水下机器人航向鲁棒控制器。在设计中,通过罚函数小生境遗传适应度值作为桥梁建立起遗传寻优与混合灵敏度参数之间的关系,构成多目标优化问题寻优加权函数。实验结果表明,所用方法可在保证系统较强鲁棒性的同时,又能兼顾时域指标和混合灵敏度加权函数频域要求,获得综合性能指标最优的鲁棒控制器,控制效果较好。     

归心改正理论在舰船真航向动态测量中的应用

采用计算方位和测量舷角相结合的方法进行真航向测量时,由于舰船安装条件有限,舰位测量设备DGPS和经纬仪不可能安装在同一位置。直接将DGPS测量的舰位作为经纬仪中心的位置会影响到方位角的计算结果,进而影响航向测量精度。本文采用归心改正理论根据DGPS测量的舰位推算经纬仪中心的精确位置,根据此位置计算出的岸标真方位的精度得到了提高,最终提高航向测量的精度。     

基于双轴位置转台的捷联惯导系统级标定技术

本文研究一种基于双轴位置转台的激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的系统级标定方法。建立了附加约束条件的陀螺和加速度计标定模型,从捷联惯导系统的误差方程出发,建立30维Kalman滤波标定模型,以速度和位置作为观测量,并设计双轴位置旋转路径,对惯性仪表标定参数进行激励与辨识。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够准确估计出陀螺和加速度计的15个标定误差参数,具有一定的参考价值。     

基于北斗短报文的船舶连续轨迹传输压缩方法

本文开展基于北斗短报文数据传输压缩方法的研究.该压缩方法通过设计的短报文压缩编码规则,实现利用北斗卫星系统的短报文功能传输远离海岸船舶的连续轨迹.方法设计合理、简单易行、使用方便、传输快捷有效、性能稳定可靠、应用广泛,应用效果非常显著.     

高职类汽车运用技术专业的课程开发

文中探讨和讲述了根据高职教育的教学特点和市场需求,以就业为导向开发汽车运用技术专业的专业课程。     

水泥乳化沥青稳定基层应用研究

针对当前水泥稳定碎石基层强度刚度较大带来的反射裂缝问题,提出了一种刚柔并济的新型基层材料水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆稳定碎石。对水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石的路用性能进行了室内试验,并对其试验结果进行了分析。与同条件下水泥稳定碎石的试验结果对比发现,水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石强度可以满足基层实际应用的需要,并且其刚性较低的性能特点能克服当前半刚性基层沥青路面的一些缺陷。