长江中游沙市河段航道治理思路的探讨

提出了航道整治目标河型的概念,认为1992年的汛末河型可作为该河段航道整治的目标河型。并以河床演变分析及趋势预测结论为基础提出沙市河段的航道整治原则为:整治为主、疏浚为辅,中水整治和高水导流相结合,低滩促淤和守护固滩并重。同时,对具体工程措施及其作用进行了简单的分析说明。     

通过式消磁站线圈系统仿真设计

旨在构建一种水下磁传感器校准装置设计方案。该装置由电磁线圈和组合导航设备构成,能够搭载水上机动平台在水面航行,实现水下磁传感器位置和姿态的高精度校准。

根据电磁线圈的姿态方位信息及其在水下磁传感器处产生磁场的测量值,采用非线性最优化算法计算水下磁传感器的位置和姿态,并建立全系统的数学模型进行数值验证实验,将电磁线圈的方位和姿态测量精度、磁传感器的噪声和测量误差以及地磁场干扰的影响纳入考虑。

实验结果表明,磁传感器在水下30 m深度时,装置的定位误差均值不大于0.06 m,姿态误差均值不大于0.20°。磁传感器自身精度是影响校准精度的主要因素。

校准装置能够同时实现水下磁传感器位置和姿态的高精度校准,具有较高应用价值,可广泛用于水下磁性目标探测、资源勘探、医学等领域,尤其适用于姿态发生偏移的水下磁传感器校准。

     

Multilane first-order traffic flow model with endogenous representation of lane-flow equilibrium

In this study, we develop a multilane first-order traffic flow model for freeway networks. In the model, lane changing is considered as a stochastic behavior that can decrease an individual driver’s disutility or cost, and is represented as dynamics toward the equilibrium of lane-flow distribution along with longitudinal traffic dynamics. The proposed method can be differentiated from those in previous studies because in this study, the motivation of lane changing is explicitly considered and it is treated as a utility defined by the current macroscopic traffic state. In addition, the entire process of lane changing is computed macroscopically by an extension of the kinematic wave theory employing IT principle; moreover, in the model framework, the lane-flow equilibrium curve is endogenously generated because of self-motivated lane changes. Furthermore, the parsimonious representation enables parameter calibration using the data collected from conventional loop detectors. The calibration of the data collected at four different sites, including a sag bottleneck, on the Chugoku expressway in Japan reveals that the proposed method can represent the lane-flow distribution of any observation site with high accuracy, and that the estimated parameters can reasonably explain the multilane traffic dynamics and the bottleneck phenomena uphill of sag sections.     

Calibration of nonlinear car-following laws for traffic oscillation prediction

Frequency-domain analysis has been successfully used to (i) predict the amplification of traffic oscillations along a platoon of vehicles with nonlinear car-following laws and (ii) measure traffic oscillation properties (e.g., periodicity, magnitude) from field data. This paper proposes a new method to calibrate nonlinear car-following laws based on real-world vehicle trajectories, such that oscillation prediction (based on the calibrated car-following laws) and measurement from the same data can be compared and validated. This calibration method, for the first time, takes into account not only the driver’s car-following behavior but also the vehicle trajectory’s time-domain (e.g., location, speed) and frequency-domain properties (e.g., peak oscillation amplitude). We use Newell’s car-following model (1961) as an example and calibrate its parameters based on a penalty-based maximum likelihood estimation procedure. A series of experiments using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data are conducted to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed approach. Results show that the calibrated car-following models are able to simultaneously reproduce observed driver behavior, time-domain trajectories, and oscillation propagation along the platoon with reasonable accuracy.     

基于智能船厂的三维电子地图开发技术

研究基于智能船厂的三维电子地图开发技术，开发三维电子地图相关组件并实现地图瓦片化、动态加载、位置校准、地图缓存等功能，通过直观的地理实景模拟表现方式快速搭建智能船厂三维电子地图服务，为管理者提供设备、人员和中间产品等信息检索服务，有效提升船厂数字化、智能化、信息化程度，可为构建船厂资源管理和工装管理智能化提供技术支撑，进一步挖掘生产和管理环节潜力，推进船舶行业信息化建设。     

船体曲板的双目视觉测量方法

针对船舶制造现场工作环境较为复杂和船体曲板为大尺度板的情况,提出基于结构光辅助扫描的计算机双目视觉测量方法.使用张正友标定法计算摄像机的内部参数和外部参数,在图像中根据颜色空间和形态学处理初步提取激光线,根据基于海森(Hessian)矩阵的Steger算法得到亚像素级的激光中心线,根据极线匹配方法计算激光点坐标并根据二...     

Validation of earthquake analysis methodology of a suction-caisson foundation-structure through model testing

Suction caissons are one of the most widely used foundation solutions for subsea structures and wind farms. Seismic response of subsea structures is however seldom documented properly, often just treated as a foundation capacity issue applying a quasi-static acceleration and not considering the inertial interaction between the structure and the soil. The more relevant tasks to document are the motions of the unit and the response of the externally connected flowlines and equipment/systems on the unit.Based on a case study located in the Shah Deniz field in the Caspian Sea, model centrifuge tests and numerical modelling were carried out to validate the global response of a 4-caisson supported manifold structure subject to seismic motions in soft clay. The centrifuge tests were carried out at 58 g at the centre for geotechnical modelling at UC Davis. To simulate the soil-structure interaction, a series of non-linear springs defined by kinematic hardening models were used in analyses with the ABAQUS software. This development includes the algorithms for determining the required model parameters. A very good agreement between recorded response from the centrifuge test and calculated response from the FE-analyses was achieved.The development and validation of the soil model presented in this paper is an improvement in design methodology for caisson foundations subjected to earthquake loading. The non-linear soil springs are well suited to incorporate in more detailed structural analyses where an accurate representation of the foundation response is required. The paper also briefly describes how the subsequent earthquake design analyses were performed for the Shah Deniz manifold structures making use of the validated soil spring model and the added value it gave to the project.     

柔性路面级配碎石底基层施工质量控制措施

结合佛开高速公路施工实践，介绍柔性路面级配碎石底基层施工质量控制的做法和经验。     

透水型级配碎石基层填料强度演化特征的离散元模拟

骨架空隙型级配碎石填料因其较好的渗透性能而广泛应用于透水型基床结构层，但其在不同级配下的抗剪强度特征及演化规律仍不明确。首先针对6种不同级配类型的碎石填料试样开展了不同围压下的室内单调加载三轴压缩试验，进而采用考虑颗粒真实不规则形状的三维离散单元方法对室内试验结果进行了数值模拟研究，从颗粒间接触、微观组构和颗粒运动等角度揭示了透水型级配碎石基层(UPAB)填料抗剪强度机理及其随级配变化的演化特征，验证了室内试验得出的级配影响规律及级配优化设计方法。研究结果表明：细颗粒通过改变颗粒体系的内部排列结构(即各向异性程度)而直接影响级配碎石填料宏观抗剪强度，细颗粒含量对试样的剪切破坏形态有直接影响，随着细颗粒含量的减少，试样整体发生较大变形时表现为内部颗粒发生转动的比例下降但发生颗粒间滑动的比例增加；试样失稳的主要原因是由于颗粒拓扑结构的改变，最终发展成不可逆的塑性变形；级配控制参数G/S=1.8时试样表现出最低的各向异性特征，相同应变条件下的颗粒旋转角均值最小，表明此时试样内部的颗粒堆积排列最优且抗剪强度最高，G/S=1.8可取作“填充密实”型与“残余空隙”型结构的分界；不同级配的试样内部颗...     

Robust adaptive course-keeping control of under-actuated ships with the rudder failure北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对舵机故障、控制增益未知和海洋环境干扰情况下的欠驱动船舶航向保持问题,设计一种考虑舵机故障的船舶鲁棒自适应航向保持控制算法。[方法]通过结合鲁棒神经阻尼技术和自适应方法,对繁重的神经网络权值进行横向压缩,仅需设计2个自适应学习参数对未知增益和舵机故障参数在线补偿,以确保船舶在舵机故障的情况下能够有效执行航向保持任务。通过李雅普诺夫理论,证明所提出的控制器半全局最终一致稳定有界(semi-global uniform and ultimately bounded,SGUUB)。最后以“育鲲”轮为仿真对象,建立非线性Nomoto数学模型,在海洋干扰下进行对比仿真试验验证。[结果]结果表明,在此策略下,“育鲲”轮在舵机故障情况下平均舵角输出比仿真试验中所对比的传统方法降低了51%,可改善航向保持控制效果。[结论]研究结果可为欠驱动船舶的航向保持控制问题提供借鉴。