青岛地铁线路埋深的思考

结合已开工建设的青岛地铁一期工程(3号线)的工程实际,针对青岛城市特色及地铁工程特点,对地铁线路埋深进行了分析总结思考。依据不同的规范及理论公式进行地铁隧道覆跨比推算,并进行横向对比分析,得到一个相对合理的量化理论值。针对3号线工程实施过程中出现的技术及非技术难题,从施工技术、环境影响、工程经济、功能需求和出入口的设置等角度对花岗岩地层中地铁隧道的埋深进行了较为深入的定性分析。采用定量和定性分析相结合手段,充分利用青岛地铁既有硬质花岗岩自身良好的自稳条件,从降低施工难度,减少对周边环境影响,节约工程投资等角度出发,建议青岛市后续地铁线路宜选择适当埋深、暗挖方法,地铁隧道覆跨比选择对于车站隧道采用0.9～1.1,区间隧道采用0.5～0.6比较适合青岛地区隧道工程。     

地铁明挖车站有关配筋问题的探讨

探讨明挖地铁车站配筋计算的一些问题。提出了在地铁车站配筋设计时应考虑消峰、轴力、腋角、分布筋等设计理念。这些设计理念并非很高深,但若能在地铁设计中得以贯彻,对提高设计质量,降低工程投资却很有益处。     

浅埋暗挖大跨风道临时支撑拆除技术

西南风道具有地质条件及周围环境复杂、开挖跨度大(开挖跨度9.9 m)、埋深浅(结构上覆土厚度约10 m)、覆跨比较小(约为1)、路面外荷载作用频繁、穿过地下管线等显著特点。风道采用CRD法开挖支护,其中,临时支撑拆除是CRD法的关键技术,若施工不当易引起大的地表沉降,影响地下管线和地面交通运行安全,为了保证施工安全及周围环境的安全,采取分段、逐层拆除的方法,主要介绍CRD法临时支撑拆除施工,并通过对地层变位的监控量测,对临时支撑拆除施工效应进行分析。研究表明:1)临时支撑拆除范围原则上取隧道跨度,当环境要求严格时,应减小拆撑的范围;2)拆撑施工引起的地表沉降值比较小,占地表总沉降值的5.86%～18.49%;3)制定和完善了临时支撑拆除控制标准,包括临时支撑拆除时机的确定、位移的控制基准等。     

浅埋暗挖法新趋势

为了探索与研究新形势下浅埋暗挖法的发展出路,通过对近10年国内采用浅埋暗挖法的12项典型工程设计思路、施工效果的论述分析,结合21世纪经济社会新形势,提出浅埋暗挖法的发展新趋势。主要趋势有:1)强化辅助工法,简化主要工法;2)提高机械化、自动化、数字化水平,减少劳动力投入;3)控制好辅助工法阶段施工风险至关重要;4)辅助工法的造价将成为决定浅埋暗挖工法竞争力的重要因素。     

夹芯钢板覆盖法(SPS)在钢箱梁桥正交异性桥面板维修加固中的应用与试验

结合工程实例,介绍了夹芯钢板覆盖法(SPS)在钢箱梁桥维修加固中的应用,并通过荷载试验对其加固效果进行了检验,可为类似维修加固工程提供参考。     

舰艇防护等级的等效厚度研究

简要回顾了舰用装甲结构形式的发展历程,提出了不同防护等级所对应的装甲结构形式应有不同的设计理念。为了更加规范化和方便评价防护效果,通过数值仿真将破片统一为10g或26g破片模拟弹,并将防护等级表示为均质钢板厚度,新的防护等级标准的概念更清晰、更简捷。     

UHPC薄板屈曲试验及临界板厚比研究

UHPC材料是一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,利用材料强度高的特点设计建造桥梁通常为薄壁箱形结构,薄壁箱梁存在剪力滞效应、扭转畸变、翘曲失稳等问题。为研究UHPC箱梁顶板翘曲失稳,指导UHPC薄壁箱梁结构避免局部失稳破坏先于材料强度破坏,进行不同边界条件均布加载的19个UHPC薄板屈曲荷载试验研究。结果表明:UHPC板的屈曲主要有局部受压破坏、单方向裂缝破坏和双向裂缝破坏3种;屈曲荷载计算应引入材料和制作修正系数0.7;UHPC板最大幅值位于h/2高度,并只产生一个半波。最后对屈曲荷载试验值进行有限元计算分析对比,并通过欧拉公式推导UHPC箱梁顶板的临界板厚比限值。     

Numerical simulation on truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating into stiffened plate北大核心CSCD

[Objectives]In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the anti-penetration performance and energy absorption mode of a stiffened plate, as well as the influence of different stiffened bars on the flight attitude of the projectile body.[Methods] Finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the process of a truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating a stiffened plate, and the results of the numerical simulation are compared with an experiment to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The momentum method and mass equivalence method are used to predict the residual velocity of the projectile, and the applicability of different theoretical methods within different velocity ranges is compared. The deformation energy of different regions of the stiffened plate is then extracted to analyze the influence of the initial velocity of the projectile body on the energy absorption mode of the target plate. Finally, the structure of the stiffeners is changed and the influence of the relative position of the stiffeners on the penetration attitude of the projectile body is analyzed.[Results]The results show that the mass equivalence method is more accurate than the momentum method in predicting the residual velocity of the stiffened plate when the initial velocity of the projectile body is in the range of 300–900 m/s. The ratio of the deformation energy of the stiffened plate to the energy loss of the projectile body decreases with the increase of the initial velocity of the projectile body. The effect of a T-stiffened plate on trajectory is greater than that of a rectangular-stiffened plate.[Conclusions]The related calculation method and research results have certain reference value for research and engineering application surrounding the anti-penetration of stiffened plates. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Dynamic response of stiffened plate under internal blast: Experimental and numerical investigation

Stiffened plates are the basic units of ships, aircraft and other structures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic response of stiffened plates under internal blast loading. A combined experimental and numerical investigation was carried out on the cabin structures with unstiffened, single-stiffened and double-stiffened plates. The characteristics of internal blast wave, the effects of stand-off distance and the stiffener position on the deflection and failure modes of stiffened plates were sequentially analyzed. It was interestingly found that the deflection first decreased and then increased with the increase of stand-off distance. Additionally, despite of the reinforcement on the deformation resistance, the stiffeners tended to reduce the damage tolerance of the target plates. This research provides the basic data and theoretical support for the blast resistance design of ships, aircraft and other structures.     

聚氨酯夹层板舱口盖振动特性研究

聚氨酯夹层板(SPS)因其出色的力学性能、减振降噪特性等在船舶建造领域得到了广泛应用。以船舶轻量化、高性能设计为目标,以64000DWT散货船钢制舱口盖为替代目标,采用聚氨酯夹层板设计新型舱口盖结构,基于有限元软件Ansys Workbench开展SPS舱口盖结构振动特性分析,研究其模态振型、谐响应和随机振动。通过与钢制舱口盖振动特性的对比研究,论证了聚氨酯夹层板在船舶减重和结构减振方面的优势与前景。研究结果表明:SPS舱口盖设计方案,在实现整体减重12%的情况下,使谐响应振幅降低75%;在1σ区域内,使随机振动的位移、应力响应分别降低了63.4%和76.1%。研究结果可以为船舶结构轻量化设计、舒适性改善等提供参考。