A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

地铁通风小系统风机送电调试的探讨

通过6个案例分析,从不同调试故障的处理方法,归纳出3类常见调试问题,进而提出分3步进行的送电调试,为快速、高效地完成通风小系统风机送电调试任务提供了一条可行的便利途径。     

Design of safety-oriented control allocation strategies for overactuated electric vehicles

The new vehicle platforms for electric vehicles (EVs) that are becoming available are characterised by actuator redundancy, which makes it possible to jointly optimise different aspects of the vehicle motion. To do this, high-level control objectives are first specified and solved with appropriate control strategies. Then, the resulting virtual control action must be translated into actual actuator commands by a control allocation layer that takes care of computing the forces to be applied at the wheels. This step, in general, is quite demanding as far as computational complexity is considered. In this work, a safety-oriented approach to this problem is proposed. Specifically, a four-wheel steer EV with four in-wheel motors is considered, and the high-level motion controller is designed within a sliding mode framework with conditional integrators. For distributing the forces among the tyres, two control allocation approaches are investigated. The first, based on the extension of the cascading generalised inverse method, is computationally efficient but shows some limitations in dealing with unfeasible force values. To solve the problem, a second allocation algorithm is proposed, which relies on the linearisation of the tyre–road friction constraints. Extensive tests, carried out in the CarSim simulation environment, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Optimisation of lateral car dynamics taking into account parameter uncertainties

Simulation studies on an active all-wheel-steering car show that disturbance of vehicle parameters have high influence on lateral car dynamics. This motivates the need of robust design against such parameter uncertainties. A specific parametrisation is established combining deterministic, velocity-dependent steering control parameters with partly uncertain, velocity-independent vehicle parameters for simultaneous use in a numerical optimisation process. Model-based objectives are formulated and summarised in a multi-objective optimisation problem where especially the lateral steady-state behaviour is improved by an adaption strategy based on measurable uncertainties. The normally distributed uncertainties are generated by optimal Latin hypercube sampling and a response surface based strategy helps to cut down time consuming model evaluations which offers the possibility to use a genetic optimisation algorithm. Optimisation results are discussed in different criterion spaces and the achieved improvements confirm the validity of the proposed procedure.     

保障公益性运输服务的铁路客票管理策略

普速铁路的客运市场可以分为公益性与盈利性两种，区分这两种服务有利于兼顾公平与盈利目标.本文在转运模型的基础上，提出了分离可调配客票管理策略，即在车票预售期开始分别为公益性与普通运输市场分配一定的席位，在发车前(24 h)可以将未售出的公益性客票调配到盈利性市场销售.该策略考虑公益性运输需求的最低服务水平约束与列车能力约束.解析解显示该策略与公益优先的系统目标激励相容，即企业会自发选择高水平的公益性客票供给.算例结果显示该策略能够同时提高公益性需求服务水平与单位客票收入.     

基于宏观基本图的路网多子区状态一致协同控制

针对基于宏观基本图(MFD)的路网多子区协同控制未考虑各子区拥堵状态差异性及均衡性的问题，本文提出以多子区状态可达一致为目标的子区边界状态反馈控制设计方法. 首先，基于路网 MFD模型建立路网多子区协同模型；进一步，基于部分变量稳定性理论，设计多子区状态可达一致的边界状态反馈控制律.在此基础上，考虑子区拥堵状态的差异性，设计了子区间的协同控制策略，快速缓解子区拥堵状态；同时，提出子区边界输入流的分配优化策略.最后，以潍坊市实际路网为背景建立仿真模型.实验结果表明，本文方法可实现子区交通流分布的均衡性，快速缓解子区拥堵状态，较大幅度地提升路网运行效率.     

运动可逆式引信安全系统逻辑控制分析

针对传统引信安全与待发状态控制的不可逆问题,提出了一种运动可逆式引信安全系统。这种安全系统在解除保险和隔爆后利用遥控装置发出的指令信息完成恢复保险及隔爆,具有较高的安全性和可靠性。分析结果表明：运动可逆式安全系统能实现＂安全的人工失效＂,其安全性要远高于传统不可逆式安全系统;可对机构工作过程多次检测和故障定位。适用于低发射过载的高价值弹药引信。     

单线隧道24 m仰拱栈桥施工技术研究

为了加快单线隧道施工进度,并确定24 m自行式液压栈桥施工流程和工艺,通过对24 m栈桥仰拱施工一次性浇筑、一次性浇筑24 m并加防裂网片、分区段12 m同步施工,3种施工方案进行分析,发现一次性浇筑及增加防裂筋施工工艺会出现仰拱断面开裂,分区段12 m同步浇筑既保证仰拱断面无裂纹,也加快了施工进度。文中同时提出多工作面施工理念,合理加快施工进度;通过微创微改在配套的矮边墙模板上焊接定位卡、堵头板采用钢木混合安装,反坡排水;安装移动水箱和预留水沟槽等工艺。     

关于高速公路造价上涨原因及控制措施的探讨

高速公路造价上涨的原因包括客观和主观两个方面，客观原因有高速公路建设标准及政策性取费标准的提高、原材料价格的上涨，主观原因有前期设计控制不严格、造价管理上存在不足。建议从强化设计管理、建立有效的审查模式、加强招投标管理、明确各有关部门的职责并强化职责落实四个方面进行高速公路造价控制。     

钢-混组合梁负弯矩区受力分析与设计方法

通过整理分析了影响组合梁负弯矩区受力性能的因素,改进拉应力的技术措施及负弯矩的设计方法;并结合工程实例,验证钢混组合梁负弯矩区以状态2为原则的设计方法.并在设计、施工构造方面提出了措施和建议.