Vibrations of imperfect ship plating

This paper deals with vibration analysis of plates in marine structures. It is the main purpose of the paper to demonstrate that in order to obtain reliable frequency predictions it is necessary to include in the vibration analysis the effects of the unavoidable imperfections caused by welding or lateral fluid pressure. Furthermore, practical procedures for including these effects are presented. Simple algebraic expressions are derived for determination of small amplitude natural frequencies of vibration of initially imperfect rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane loads. The theoretical results show close agreement with experimental results available in the literature. For plating of marine structures with typical welding induced geometric imperfections and residual stresses it is shown that the lowest natural frequency of the unloaded imperfect plate can be twice as high as that of the perfect plate. For vibration analyses of plates submerged in a liquid the importance of taking into account deflections and membrane stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure is demonstrated.     

单向压力作用下有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度

本文应用von－karman大挠度薄板方程，对承受单向面内压力的有初挠度矩形板进行后屈曲特性分析（其中挠曲函数取为双博氏级数展开式的前三项）。用参数摄动法求解非线性代数方程组，得到最大压应力与平均压应力之间，平均压应力与平均应变之间的显式函数表达式。进而推导出有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度公式，并着重分析了两者的不同。     

预应力CTRC板加固持载混凝土梁的抗弯性能研究

采用四点弯曲试验研究用预应力碳纤维织物增强混凝土板加固持载RC梁的抗弯性能。针对梁的持载水平完成2个加固工况试验及1个参考工况试验。对各工况试验梁的荷载-跨中挠度曲线、荷载-应变曲线、承载力、延性及破坏模式进行分析。研究结果表明:预应力CTRC板能明显提高持载混凝土梁的正常使用极限状态荷载和极限承载力但加固梁的延性降低。与未加固梁相比,加固梁的正常使用极限状态荷载和极限承载力最大分别提高了64.1%和80.6%。本文提出的一种加固梁极限承载力的计算方法,其极限承载力的计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

Experimental strength analysis of steel plates with a large circular opening accounting for corrosion degradation and cracks subjected to compressive load along the short edges

This work studies the combined effect of both geometrical characteristics (opening and initial imperfections) and age related damage (corrosion and cracks) on the local and global responses of thin rectangular steel plates. A series of experimental tests has been conducted for in-service steel plates with a circular opening and subjected to several damage actions and uni-axial compression. Different initial imperfection shapes and amplitudes, corrosion degradation levels and locked crack lengths are considered. Several collapse modes were observed and the reasons for their occurrence are discussed. The experimental results of force-displacement and stress––strain relationships are presented and the relevant dissipated energies, resilience and toughness are estimated. The experimental results are compared with published experimental results, confirming the complexity of the plate behaviour accounting for different damage scenarios.     

简支梁损伤定位的直接指标法应用

结构损伤诊断主要内容是对各种工程结构进行检测并对检测结果做适当的分析,从而确定结构的健康状况。损伤诊断要解决的关键问题之一是判断结构损伤的位置。结构损伤会对结构的物理特性如刚度,质量,阻尼等产生影响,从而使结构的模态参数如固有频率、振型等发生改变。研究结果表明应变相比固有频率和振型对局部损伤更加敏感。基于应变模态差分原理的损伤定位直接指标法ISMSD(Strain Mode Shape Difference)具有无需原始模态数据的优点。本文通过有限元方法计算得到非贯穿裂纹梁的位移模态,进而计算得到应变模态。再对经过三次样条插值的光滑应变模态差分曲线进行直接损伤指标值计算。对假定两处损伤的简支梁在几种不同损伤程度状况下进行数值仿真计算,直接根据直接指标值的大小正确地判定了损伤位置,尤其是损伤量较小时。     

Scattering of surface water waves involving semi-infinite floating elastic plates on water of finite depth

Two problems of scattering of surface water waves involving a semi-infinite elastic plate and a pair of semi-infinite elastic plates,separated by a gap of finite width,floating horizontally on water of finite depth,are investigated in the present work for a two-dimensional time-harmonic case.Within the frame of linear water wave theory,the solutions of the two boundary value problems under consideration have been represented in the forms of eigenfunction expansions.Approximate values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by solving an over-determined system of linear algebraic equations in each problem.In both the problems,the method of least squares as well as the singular value decomposition have been employed and tables of numerical values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for specific choices of the parameters for modelling the elastic plates.Our main aim is to check the energy balance relation in each problem which plays a very important role in the present approach of solutions of mixed boundary value problems involving Laplace equations.The main advantage of the present approach of solutions is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained by using both the methods are found to satisfy the energy-balance relations associated with the respective scattering problems under consideration.The absolute values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented graphically against different values of the wave numbers.     

多层声学覆盖层复合的有限长弹性圆柱壳声辐射特性研究

针对水下双层圆柱壳内外壳体各表面敷设隔声阻尼层的情况,建立了有限长多层复合加实肋板的双层圆柱壳水下声辐射计算模型.对模型采用模态展开法,系统考虑壳体与隔声层和实肋板耦合,外表面声学覆盖层作用和外部声场耦合,并以状态矢量对应的矩阵形式导出复合壳体辐射声功率的计算表达式.数值计算了隔声阻尼层和外场声学覆盖层层参数,实肋板参数和壳体阻尼对模型辐射声功率的影响.研究结果表明:有实肋板时阻尼层的降噪量最高接近15dB,实肋板的声短路作用限制了隔声阻尼层的降噪效果;双层隔声阻尼层比单层隔声阻尼层降噪效果好3-4dB.外场声学覆盖层受实肋板影响较阻尼层小,其降噪量达10dB左右.     

含中心裂纹的有限加筋板应力强度因子理论分析及数值仿真

基于裂纹问题的复变应力函数、Paris位移公式和变分原理,对板材和筋条均含裂纹的加筋板结构的应力强度因子进行了分析求解。对加筋板离散化,忽略受拉时筋、板弯曲的影响,结合Paris位移公式对加筋板中含中心穿透裂纹的板材在单向拉力 和加筋条的剪力作用下的位移进行了计算;应用变分原理对含边裂纹的加筋条结合筋条和板变形协调方程求解筋条对板的节点剪力作用,从而求解了含裂纹加筋板的问题。采用数值仿真方法分析了应力强度因子随板材和加筋条上裂纹扩展的变化规律,研究了加筋条刚度和加筋条间距变化对裂尖处应力强度因子的影响。     

循环载荷下考虑累积塑性影响的船体板CTOD理论及数值模拟研究

裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)是研究大范围屈服的低周疲劳破坏的重要参数之一,其值可反映结构材料抵抗低周疲劳裂纹形成和扩展的能力,是评估结构材料韧性的重要参量以及分析低周疲劳破坏引起裂纹扩展的主要控制参量。文章基于弹塑性断裂力学理论,从循环J积分着手,以裂纹尖端累积塑性应变为重要参量,建立循环载荷下船体板CTOD理论模型,并在有限元模拟中分析了应力比、应力幅等相关因素影响。将本模型结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较,发现结果吻合良好。结果表明：在考虑累积塑性影响下,该模型能较好地反映在循环载荷下船体板CTOD的变化规律,同时也为正确评估循环载荷下船体板低周疲劳破坏与累积塑性破坏两种破坏模式耦合作用的总体断裂破坏提供了途径。     

一般边界条件下矩形薄板振动声辐射特性分析

基于改进傅立叶级数方法,将矩形板振型函数表示为包含正弦三角级数的改进傅立叶级数,从而有效地克服结构在边界处存在的不连续性,建立了一般边界条件下矩形薄板结构振动声辐射的分析方法,并对薄板结构的振动声辐射特性进行了研究。文中还建立了薄板结构的位移容许函数,然后基于最小势能原理求解了系统的Lagrange函数,最后利用Rayleigh-Ritz法对方程求解从而获得薄板自由振动的模态信息;在此基础上,基于Rayleigh积分公式推导出了薄板振动、辐射声压和声功率的表达式,研究了结构特性参数及边界条件对薄板振动声辐射的影响,通过有限元软件和参考文献的比对分析,验证了改进方法的正确性和有效性。