关于民航应急保障预案的思考

在论述加强民航应急输送保障预案研究重要意义的基础上,阐述了民航应急输送保障的新特点,拟制民航应急输送保障预案的要求,探讨了应付突发事件民航应急输送保障预案的内容及处置办法。为保证民航在应付突发事件中顺利实施部队应急输送提供理论依据与技术支持。     

汽车追尾碰撞保险杠结构的力学特性

针对交通事故中汽车的碰撞问题,运用动量守恒定理和能量守恒定律着重研究了汽车追尾碰撞情况下,汽车碰撞前部主要的结构吸能的优化方法。基于非线性ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,分析了在车辆的前纵梁部分薄壁梁表面开矩形吸能孔的可行性,取得了优化的薄壁梁的有限元模型,并利用得到的优化模型进行了保险杠碰撞的力学分析。     

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公交中间站是实现旅客沿途乘降的重要基础设施，在公交系统中发挥着重要的作用。在土地发展与公共交通发展初期，简单的公交中间站设置便可满足车辆停靠与旅客乘降需求。但当土地利用强度不断增大，公共交通线路规模不断扩张时，在某些线路密集、人流众多的公交中间站点，简单的站点设立方式已不能满足车辆停靠及旅客乘降需求，车站在站滞留时间过长，公交服务水平急速下降。此时，必须对车站的形式、规模进行必要的研究，以保证能力与需求的良好协调，从而降低车辆在站滞留时间，提高公交服务水平，保障公交的正常运营。针对此问题，论文对公交中间站的形式分类及其适用性进行了分析，结合公交中间站通过能力的计算以及广州公交运营实际，研究了通过车辆停靠数、旅客乘降量以及用地条件等因素确定公交站形式与规模的方法，并举出了实例，可为实际工作提供依据与参考。     

基于遗传-模拟退火算法的城市轨道交通快慢车停站方案

对规划新建的城市轨道交通,可通过合理地制定快慢车停站方案,来提高其服务水平,降低企业运营成本,实现城市轨道交通系统运营效益最大化。在详细分析乘客旅行时间及企业运营成本构成的基础上,考虑乘客在快慢车之间的选择行为,以停站方案及快慢车发车频率为决策变量,以乘客旅行时间最短和企业运营成本最小为目标,建立了城市轨道交通快慢车组合方案优化多目标整体规划模型,并设计结合模糊优化思想的遗传-模拟退火(GA-SA)算法求解。算例分析结果表明:开行快慢车后,乘客总旅行时间可节约8.7%,企业运营成本可降低5.9%。     

基于HyperWorks的欧洲某型城轨车辆防撞结构的设计

将欧洲某型城轨车辆的三维模型导入Altair HyperWorks软件中,在HyperMesh模块下建立有限元碰撞模型,导入到LS-DYNA中对其进行大变形碰撞仿真。对优化前后结构的仿真结果进行对比分析,确定了防撞结构的设计,验证了车体设计的合理性。     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

基于遗传算法和可靠性分析的乘员约束系统优化

为提高乘员假人在CNCAP正面碰撞中的得分,在对某车的仿真模型进行试验验证基础上用遗传算法优化约束系统相关参数,优化目标是使假人头部、颈部和胸部的伤害值最小。然后根据可靠性的要求合理选择了参数的取值范围。     

汽车前部保险杠的耐撞性及结构优化方法

根据目前国产车保险杠耐撞性现状,结合江苏丹阳市车船装饰件有限公司的保险杠耐撞性项目,在LS-DYNA中对摆锤撞击保险杠进行了仿真分析。通过对保险杠的壁厚及其中部的两弧半径进行结构优化,提高了保险杠的耐撞能力,为日后保险杠的设计与开发提供了有价值的参考。     

摩托车事故特征分析

基于上海市嘉定区2006-2007年的81起摩托车事故数据,从事故次数、受伤人数、死亡人数、头盔佩戴情况等几个方面进行了统计分析;以事故形态分类,对事故后果进行了相应的伤害分析,从而为摩托车乘员与车辆碰撞机理和摩托车乘员保护措施的进一步研究提供了依据。