Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

PCR法区别HBVRC－和CCC－DNA

乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的基因组为一松弛环状、部分双链的ＤＮＡ（ＲＣ－ＤＮＡ）。在其负链的５＇与３＇端之间存在一缺口。当ＨＢＶ进入宿主细胞后，基因组转变为共价闭合环状ＤＮＡ（ＣＣＣ－ＤＮＡ）。我们根据ＨＢＶＲＣ－和ＣＣＣ－ＤＮＡ的结构特点，设计了ＰＣＲ区别ＲＣ－和ＣＣＣ－ＤＮＡ。实验表明，该方法可有效地区别两种形式的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。     

增大协同反导区域的舰艇位置优化配置

协同反导是水面舰艇编队在反导防御中的一种常用方法,在对两艘舰艇协同反导区域计算的基础上,采用Matlab数学工具,对两舰的位置进行优化配置分析,增大两舰的协同反导区域,从而提高作战防御效果。     

全球气象和船舶跟踪系统

介绍全球气象和船舶跟踪系统（ＧＭＳＴＳ）构成的方案及原理，阐述系统的主要功能、技术特点及适用范围，还探讨系统的其他若干技术问题。     

基于RTK技术的城市道路断面数据的获取

随着测绘高新技术的广泛应用,城市道路纵横断面测量方法也有所改进,根据不同的地形状况、周边环境以及设计要求,可以选用不同的测绘手段,优质、快速、高效地获得纵横断面图的测量成果。该文结合工作实际,就如何合理地利用RTK测量的高新测绘手段,对城市道路改扩建工程的纵横断面进行测量,并对RTK测量方法及相应实施过程做一探索。     

基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位算法

为了满足月球车自主导航的需要,提出了1种基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位算法。建立了基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位系统框架图,并对框架中主要模块进行了分析;研究了图像预处理、特征点提取、特征点的立体匹配、三维重建和特征点的跟踪匹配算法等图像处理环节,以获得月球车运动前后相匹配的环境特征点,并提出了1种鲁棒的月球车位姿变化估计算法。通过实际场地试验验证了算法的有效性。     

Common underlying steering curves for motorcycles in steady turns

We study the steady turn behaviours of some light motorcycle models on circular paths, using the commercial software package ADAMS-Motorcycle. Steering torque and steering angle are obtained for several path radii and a range of steady forward speeds. For path radii much greater than motorcycle wheelbase, and for all motorcycle parameters including tyre parameters held fixed, dimensional analysis can predict the asymptotic behaviour of steering torque and angle. In particular, steering torque is a function purely of lateral acceleration plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first function is numerically determined, while the second is approximated by an analytically determined constant. Similarly, the steering angle is a function purely of lateral acceleration, plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first is determined numerically while the second is determined analytically. Both predictions are verified through ADAMS simulations for various tyre and geometric parameters. In summary, steady circular motions of a given motorcycle with given tyre parameters can be approximately characterised by just one curve for steering torque and one for steering angle.     

高陡横坡段桥梁桩基设计计算方法及工程应用

在西部山区修建公路或铁路,常需将桥梁桩基设置在高陡横坡上。与平地上的桥梁桩基相比,位于横坡上的桥梁桩基受力与变形更为复杂,而相应的设计计算方法亦落后于工程实践。在前人研究的基础上,进一步分析了高陡横坡段桥梁桩基的受力特性,建立了其受力与变形分析的简化计算模型,并借助有限差分法,对个特征桩段的挠曲变形微分方程进行求解,从而提出了高陡横坡段桥梁桩基设计计算方法。最后,以张一花高速中某桩基工程为例,分别利用规范法和本文计算方法进行计算,结果对比分析表明,本文计算方法与规范法吻合较好,而本文计算方法既能够考虑了桩顶复杂荷载的影响,又能够考虑边坡荷载的作用,由此设计的基桩更为合理安全。     

PC系杆拱桥施工阶段稳定性及临时横撑影响分析

为有效指导PC系杆拱桥的施工,对该类桥梁施工阶段的稳定性及临时横撑对结构稳定性的影响进行研究.以江苏省新建省道336公路桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil建立桥梁空间有限元模型,对3个施工控制阶段结构的稳定性及临时横撑设置与否、设置位置及形式对暂态拱稳定性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明:该桥施工阶段具有较好的稳定安全系数;施工阶段的吊杆张拉对全桥的稳定性有负影响;对称设置临时横撑时,同类型横撑设置在1/4跨径处效果最为明显;在相同位置设置X形临时横撑对结构稳定性贡献最大;横撑的间距和形式选择还需综合考虑桥梁美学、经济性及施工方便.     

天津滨海旅游区道路横断面设计浅析

城市道路建设是城市建设中的重要内容,而道路横断面设计是城市道路设计中的关键因素。通过对滨海旅游区整体规划、交通流特征、道路功能需求、城市景观等方面的分析,提出了具有旅游区特色的横断面设计方案,可为同类型的工程提供借鉴和参考。