民生公司140TEU集装箱船及150TEU标准集装箱船轮机部分设计回顾

本文介绍了民生公司140TEU及150TEU标准集装箱船轮机部分设计     

SOLAS公约对船舶机器处所燃油套管及渗漏报警装置的检验要求

在国际海上人命安全公约(SOLAS)1994年修正案和2000年修正案的基础上,论述不同年代建造的国际航行远洋船舶SOLAS公约适用条款和船用柴油机高压燃油管路具体防火要求,以及船用柴油机高压燃油套管组件和燃油渗漏报警装置的具体检验要求。     

纳米燃油装置在船舶柴油机上的台架试验设计

纳米技术应用于柴油机节油是一门崭新的课题,用船舶柴油机台架试验验证纳米燃油装置的效果也不同于其它台架试验。文章对纳米燃油装置机理、测试的主要目的、测功设备和排放检测设备的选择、纳米燃油装置的安装、试验条件保障仪器的选择、测试方法、步骤、计算公式、比较研究点以及可以进一步试验研究的方向进行了研究与设计,对于指导同类试验具有很强的借鉴和参考价值。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

水上交通事故致因理论探讨

在对比国际上有代表性的事故致因理论的基础上提出水上交通事故致因理论,认为水上交通事故的本质原因在于水上交通安全管理体系的缺陷,并通过案例进行验证。     

碳钢、低合金钢全浸没海洋环境下最大点蚀深度简化模型

腐蚀是导致老龄船舶结构失效的主要原因之一。结合基本点蚀原理,文章对碳钢、低合金钢海水全浸没点蚀的主要影响因素、具体点蚀进程做了简要解释与评述。基于Melchers点蚀深度模型及其相关实验数据,文中提出一种简化形式的新型点蚀最大深度模型,并采用该模型对三组我国船舶结构常用碳钢、低合金钢的青岛海域全浸没点蚀试验观测数据进行分析。通过对比验证,证明采用Weibull函数表示点蚀最大深度随时间变化关系是合适的。此外,依据青岛、厦门、榆林海域碳钢试验数据,文中还对海水环境因素,如:溶解氧浓度、平均温度、盐度、PH值等,以及钢材成分变化对新型最大点蚀深度模型各参数的影响进行了初步探讨,得出了相应的函数关系式及相关结论。     

船舶污水处理系统的技术方案

船舶污水处理系统的处理及排放通常按国际防污染公约执行。随着环保意识的增强，国际防污染公约不断修订，各地区制订了许多地方性排污法规，极大地限制了船舶污水的处理及排放，污水系统的设计和使用都面临着新的变革。通过对国际防污染公约及各地方污水排放标准的分析，阐述船舶污水排放要求及其发展，根据船舶污水排放受到国际公约与地方法规之间的不同限制，提出船舶油污水、黑水、厨房灰水、洗涤灰水系统排放、收集、处理方案，按照水域的不同，采取直接排放、处理或贮存等措施，以实现船舶污水达到处理排放直至零排放的目标，更好地保护海洋生态环境。     

船舶柴油机轴瓦损坏的几种形式与预防办法

船舶柴油机的轴瓦发生早期失效(损坏),而引起轴瓦早期失效(损坏)的原因比较复杂,其形式又多种多样,文章介绍了几种常见的损坏形式及防止措施,可供同行借鉴。     

船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放控制技术

简要阐述国际海事组织(IMO)批准的《73/78船舶防污染附则Ⅵ》中关于限制船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放的技术规则,并介绍了当前主要使用的减少船舶柴油机氮氧化物排放的控制技术。     

以可靠性为中心的维修分析方法应用

以船舶关键设备主汽轮机自控系统为对象,阐述以可靠性为中心的维修策略研究方法和分析过程,详细介绍RCM分析的步骤、内容及具体应用情况,为船舶其它机械设备采取合适的维修策略提供依据。