柴油机缸盖启动阀修复及改进措施

通过分析柴油机运行时的一系列故障,结合修理过程,确定了发生故障的因果关系。同时对修复故障所必须的修理工艺要点进行了介绍,对缸盖的结构提出了简单而且行之有效的改进方法,拟杜绝类似事故的发生。     

考虑桩-土相互作用的结构自振频率计算

以弹簧模拟桩-土的相互作用,建立了桩-土结构的有限元模型。结合工程实例,采用该模型计算了桩基的自振频率,分析了弹簧等效刚度的变化对模型自振频率的影响。     

预应力混凝土箱梁桥开裂后的残余承载力分析

为分析开裂预应力混凝土箱形桥梁结构开裂后的残余承载力,以裂缝统计特征参数为基础,用单元退化方式模拟正裂缝,用裂缝间的单向受压杆模拟裂缝间的承压效应,采用空间梁单元和三维杆单元分别模拟梁和预应力筋,以单元降温的方式模拟预加力的效应,形成空间刚架模型模拟斜裂缝。基于开裂后混凝土及预应力钢筋的基本假定,建立开裂后结构的计算方法。按照相似高度、开裂区域截面折减、折减自重补偿的原则将相似裂缝进行合并处理,得到裂缝区域的阶梯型折减刚度模型,提出承载能力折减系数计算方法以体现开裂后结构刚度的变化。经实桥算例验证,本文方法可正确判断静定及超静定预应力混凝土结构开裂后承载力的变化程度。     

基于遗传算法的盾构隧道管片接头刚度反演研究北大核心CSCD

梁-弹簧模型在管片衬砌结构计算中应用较广泛,目前接头刚度取值方法主要有模型试验法及经验取值法,模型试验法耗时长、成本高昂,而依据经验取值难免存在一定主观性。鉴于此,利用C++编程语言,基于遗传算法开发了盾构隧道管片结构位移反分析程序,首先通过弹性模量值反演算例,得出反演值与理论值误差为1.4%,验证了算法和程序的可行性。利用程序将反演接头刚度值与实际设计案例管片接头刚度值进行对比,反演计算结果表明:正弯矩下管片环向接头转动刚度值反演误差为2.6%,负弯矩下管片环向接头转动刚度值反演误差为4.3%。     

盾构隧道管片接头弯曲刚度计算及影响因素分析

盾构隧道管片接头弯曲刚度是隧道设计关键参数之一。管片接头弯曲刚度的研究引起了广泛的兴趣,但主要集中在无传力衬垫的管片接头上。文章针对南京地铁盾构隧道粘贴了传力衬垫的管片接头刚度开展了研究,结果表明,粘贴了传力衬垫的管片接头弯曲刚度随着接头荷载的增加表现出了明显的非线性。最后对传力衬垫的厚度、螺栓预紧力和螺栓数量等弯曲刚度影响因素进行了分析,其计算结果对隧道设计具有明显的参考价值。     

既有铁路货车非嵌入式储风缸故障原因分析及改进建议

对既有铁路货车装用的非嵌入式储风缸故障产生的具体原因从焊修工艺、组装技术作业过程、车辆定期检修作业质量控制等几方面存在的问题及不足进行了全面的分析,并对如何解决既有铁路货车装用的非嵌入式储风缸存在的质量问题提出了具体改进建议,对于指导车辆检修作业质量控制具有一定的参考价值。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

EWL组合近似模型在铝车身轻量化优化中的应用

以铝车身为研究对象,基于详细接头建立了铝车身参数化概念模型,其与车身详细模型的误差控制在15%以内,满足工程开发要求。采用相对灵敏度分析法筛选出铝车身的8个关键断面作为设计变量。提出EWL组合近似模型;运用最优拉丁超立方设计（Optimal Latin Hypercube Design,OLHD）采样法分别建立基础性能的KRI、响应面法（Response Surface Methodology,RSM）、径向基函数（Radial Basis Function,RBF）法、反比例平均化（EI）法、启发式计算（EG）法和EWL组合近似模型,通过对比分析误差评价指标得出EWL组合近似模型具有最优的拟合精度和稳定性。综合运用EWL组合优化模型和组合优化算法,即全局自适应模拟退火算法（Adaptive Simulated Algorithms,ASA）和梯度序列二次规划（Non-linear Programming by Quadratic Lagrangian,NLPQL）法的组合优化策略对参数化概念铝车身模型进行轻量化优化。结果表明,在4项基础性能不降低的情况下实现铝车身质量减轻6.7 kg...     

港珠澳大桥西人工岛二次止水墙优化设计

当港珠澳大桥西人工岛岛上现浇暗埋段管节与海底沉管段预制管节对接施工时必须拆除部分止水钢圆筒围堰,此时西人工岛内仍要求具备干施工条件,因此需在岛隧结合部设置二次止水结构。采用三维CAD设计对二次止水墙施工全过程进行空间模拟,研究各止水位置的薄弱环节,优化止水结构设计方案,保证止水面的连续过渡,提高止水可靠性;并运用LUSAS软件对二次止水墙结构进行三维应力分析,得到的内力与变位与现场实测值较吻合。     

基于单振动传感器的多缸柴油机失火诊断

通过模拟某12缸柴油机各缸失火试验,对缸盖振动信号中各缸爆发响应信号进行分析,研究表明,各缸爆发在同一测点均会引起振动响应,响应信号的频谱成分不变,幅值变化满足本缸准则及邻缸准则.基于主序列法在不依赖上止点传感器的情况下提取各缸爆发信号的相对幅值,通过判断相对幅值的变化率实现了对传感器所在气缸排各缸失火故障的诊断及定位...