加肋有限圆柱壳体的边界条件对其振动和声辐射的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元的附加质量附加阻尼算法,建立了加肋有限圆柱壳体的有限元模型,并采用该模型对十四种方案的水下振动和声辐射进行了分析,讨论了模型边界条件对其水下振动和声辐射的影响规律以及在采用舱段模型代替整艇模型进行噪声估算时中间舱段长度的选取原则。结果表明用一个舱段模拟整艇的动态特性容易造成低频整体模态振型的缺失,在舱段首阶弯曲振动的模态频率以上,采用舱段来预报整艇的表面振动和辐射声功率是可以接受的;当整艇艇长不超过中间舱段长度的两倍时,可以采用舱段模型代替整艇模型进行噪声估算。     

跨海大桥桥墩防撞方案设计

以东海大桥桥墩防撞方案设计为背景,论述复杂环境下桥墩防撞设计的基本方法,对比若干可行方案。引入港 口工程中常见的大直径薄壁圆筒结构,构造一种新型的桥墩防撞系统,并给出具体构造,其良好的受力条件和地基适应性 表明：用于桥墩防撞设施具备一定的可行性。设计构造措施对同类环境下桥梁防撞设计具有一定的参考意义。     

无侧限圆柱形试件与试槽土基的回弹模量关系研究

针对季节性冰冻地区路基土回弹模量的变化,通过室内试槽土基回弹模量试验,对相同状态下的土体分别进行了室内试槽土基刚性承载板和无侧限圆柱形试件回弹模量试验,建立了无侧限圆柱形试件与试槽土基承载板试验回弹模量之间的关系.为下一步进行大量的季节性冰冻地区冻融循环作用下,无侧限圆柱形试件抗压回弹模量换算为试槽土基承载板试验回弹模量提供依据.     

架桥机滚柱轮结构最佳空心度研究

以某架桥机中使用的圆柱滚子轮系统为研究对象,针对滚柱轮结构中等效和接触应力的边缘效应,提出了采用空心滚柱轮的设计方案,以降低其边缘应力。采用有限元分析方法,对不同空心度下的滚柱轮最危险区域的等效应力和接触应力进行了详细计算。计算结果表明:对于等效应力,滚柱轮的最佳空心度为42%;对于接触应力,滚柱轮的最为合理的空心度为50%。综合考虑等效应力最小及接触应力的合理分布,滚柱轮的最佳空心度范围可取为42%~50%。     

Strength reliability analysis of stiffened cylindrical shells considering failure correlation

The stiffened cylindrical shell is commonly used for thepressure hull of submersibles and the legs of offshore platforms.There are various failure modes because of uncertainty with thestructural size and material properties, uncertainty of the calculationmodel and machining errors. Correlations among failure modesmust be considered with the structural reliability of stiffenedcylindrical shells. However, the traditional method cannot considerthe correlations effectively. The aim of this study is to present amethod of reliability analysis for stiffened cylindrical shells whichconsiders the correlations among failure modes. Firstly, the jointfailure probability calculation formula of two related failure modesis derived through use of the 2D joint probability density function.Secondly, the full probability formula of the tandem structuralsystem is given with consideration to the correlations among failuremodes. At last, the accuracy of the system reliability calculation isverified through use of the Monte Carlo simulation. Result of theanalysis shows the failure probability of stiffened cylindrical shellscan be gained through adding the failure probability of each mode.     

波导中带帽圆柱壳的声辐射快速预报(英文)

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green's function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.     

Dynamite Fishing in a Marine Protected Area in Tanzania: Why Youth Perceptions Matter

Young men in coastal Tanzania are often blamed for damaging marine habitats by engaging in unsustainable and destructive fishing practices, including dynamite fishing, but their perceptions have not been sufficiently documented. While marine scientists, international environmental NGOs, and activists have called attention to the destructive fishing practices’ devastating impacts, insights into the contextual factors that motivate those who engage in dynamite fishing are limited. Additionally, risk perceptions and concerns regarding the environmental impact and dangers of dynamite fishing among the youth are also understudied. This paper provides ethnographic insights into the historical and contextual factors underlying dynamite fishing in rural coastal Mtwara. It draws on ethnographic data gathered through participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with residents from two neighboring coastal villages – one located inside a marine protected area (MPA), and another located outside the MPA’s boundary. The paper first examines the views of elderly men and women to provide the historical context of dynamite fishing in coastal Mtwara. It then juxtaposes youth perceptions regarding marine conservation and dynamite fishing in the two villages, vis-à-vis ongoing efforts to curb destructive fishing practices and to enhance marine biodiversity and ecotourism in the region. Results of the study reveal that unresolved tensions between the MPA authorities and local fishers surrounding enforcement practices and unfulfilled gear-exchange-related promises, and allegations of poor governance, are important contextual factors in the persistence of dynamite fishing. The paper concludes by articulating possible remedial measures to mitigate the tensions between youth concerns about their livelihoods, and the goals of marine biodiversity conservation as a way forward in preventing dynamite fishing.     

二相交薄壁圆柱管展开的数学模型及程序设计

应用解析几何和投影几何的理论,建立了二薄壁圆柱管相交时,在各种情况下展开的数学模型,并用Autolisp语言设计出了绘制展开图的实用程序,将它应用在数控机床上,可快捷而精确地解决钣金加工中各种各样薄板卷制成的二相交圆柱管的自动下料问题.     

悬臂正交各向异性圆柱壳的自由振动分析

圆柱壳是潜艇、化工容器以及宇航结构中的主要形式,它的动态特性一直得到了广泛的研究.基于分离变量法和Flügge经典壳体理论,分析了正交各向异性圆柱壳在悬臂边界条件下的自由振动问题.给出了精确解的形式,得到了自由振动频率和振型的变化曲线.分析了材料特性和几何参数对频率的影响.数值算例结果表明,本文的方法具有较高的精度.     

水下结构声辐射时域数值分析法研究

采用有限元和无限元相结合的方法，对水下加筋圆柱壳结构的声辐射进行了数值计算。首先利用ANSYS软件建立声振模型，并在时域内计算流固耦合振动，给出可用于声学分析的数据文件；再利用SYSNOISE软件采用无限元法在时域内计算辐射声场，并将计算结果与实验值进行了对比。结果表明，提出的在时域内进行水下结构声辐射的计算是切实可行的，为水下结构声辐射仿真研究提供了新的方法。