Fault detection and isolation for a nonlinear railway vehicle suspension with a Hybrid Extended Kalman filter

Fault detection is considered to be one way to improve system reliability and dependability for railway vehicles. The secondary lateral and anti-yaw dampers are the most critical parts in railway suspension systems. So far, the dampers have been modelled as linear components in the fault detection and isolation observer design. In this work, a Hybrid Extended Kalman filter is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of the dampers. In order to detect and isolate faults, a nonlinear residual generator is developed, which can distinguish clearly between different types of faults. A lateral half train model serves as an example for the proposed technique. The results show that failures in the nonlinear suspension system can be detected and isolated accurately.     

A real-time impact detection and diagnosis system of catenary using measured strains by fibre Bragg grating sensors

This paper describes an impact detection system using strain signals based on fibre optic sensors(FBG) for the real-time monitoring of the catenary system. The proposed detection system consists of three subsystems: a measuring system, a data processing and analysis system, and a status display and data access system. Because the strain signals obey the normal distribution, to monitor the catenary system in real time, a novel method that combines mobile standard deviation with the mobile Pauta criterion is proposed to distinguish real impact from the strain signal background. The use of this adaptive judging method reduces the misjudgment rate of impacts and improves the impact recognition accuracy. These impacts can be identified by the data analysis system, which provides impact location and their causes using the features of the catenary system. This method can simplify the detection system compared with the traditional location method. An application to a commercial metro line system indicated that the impacts on the catenary system were main caused by overlaps, expansion joints or steady arms, and were verified by correspondence with the floor plan of the catenary and manual inspection results. These results verified the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed impact detection system.     

抛石基床局部遭水冲破坏的诊断与加固

抛石基床发生局部破坏的工程实例较多,对出现该类问题的应对措施和相关加固技术的研究是迫切的。文中总结了大马力拖轮在靠离泊作业中造成使用期间重力式码头抛石基床局部被冲坏等主要原因,对抛石基床局部破坏问题的检测、诊断和安全性评估技术进行了探讨,并对各种抛石基床的加固方法加固效果进行了概括,最后提出了对码头管理单位在码头使用和维护的建议。     

铁道车辆热轴与红外线轴温探测角度探讨

介绍了客货车转向架上与红外线轴温探测相关的构件的外部形状和尺寸，论述了适合我国铁路列车提速、货车重栽的红外线轴温探测角度和实际运用结果。     

公路路基的水毁预防控制措施分析

公路路基的水毁实际上就是指公路沿线的相关工程设施因为受到水的作用而遭受到一定程度损坏的现象。实际上,对于公路路基来说,水是天敌,也就是说水对于路基的摧毁作用是最为致命的。但是水毁现象在全国各地都是一种非常常见的自然灾害。尤其是在一些山区,水毁基本上每年都会造成大量道路的损坏甚至是摧毁,轻者则是影响到正常的交通,严重的甚至会导致桥梁冲毁或者是交通的完全中断。总之,其后果,以及其导致的损失都是非常之严重的。正是因为这样,该文对公路水毁的成因和预防措施予以论述,可供同行参考。     

疲劳裂纹扩展模型中表征裂纹闭合水平参数的确定

借助7075-T 6铝合金、6013铝合金以及0.45w t%碳钢的疲劳试验数据,结合上述材料的力学性能参数,通过非线性最小平方拟合方法,研究了表征裂纹闭合水平参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响。研究结果表明,对于宏观裂纹范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k只要大于某个值就对疲劳裂纹扩展率无影响;而对于小裂纹阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响较明显,因此参数k的大小主要取决于小裂纹扩展数据。依据0.45w t%碳钢疲劳试验数据,相应参数k的建议值为6 000m-1。     

广义相关时延估计方法在神经系统损伤检测中的应用

应用广义相关时间延迟估计方法，经由诱发电位潜伏期变化的测定，分析研究了撞击加速度和缺窒息实验条件下中枢时间系统的损伤问题。计算机模拟和诱发电位信号分析表明，当神经系统发生损伤时，诱发电位的潜伏期会出现显的变化，这种化可以由广义相关时间延迟估计方法而有效测定。     

破损结构地震反应简化分析法的单自由度破损模型研究

MSP(Multi-step pushover method)法是一种弹塑性推覆方法,可以评估破损状态的建筑结构的地震反应。它以地震反应谱作为输入,根据结构的动力特性分配荷载,逐步推覆,得到破损结构的最大地震反应,简便实用。作者针对MSP法中破损模型的选择和改善问题进行了专门研究和探讨。通过与非线性时程法进行对比,首次提出适用于单自由度体系的破损模型。实例计算表明,本文提出的模型可用,分析误差小,有助于MSP法进一步完善。     

Research and application of non-clay low damage temporary bridging drilling/ completion fluids system

Following the basic theory of protecting gas-reservoirs from damage with the temporary bridging technology, inert calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles, whose diameter is consistent with the size of pores or apertures in the reservoir, were selected as the bridging agent, and modified resolvable starch was selected as filtration loss reducing particles to form the non-clay low damage temporary bridging drilling/completion fluids system (NLTDFS). Under the simulated condition of the well bottom during real drilling, NLTDFS was used to conduct dynamic and static damage experiments of cores for 48 hours, respectively, and then the experimented cores were permeated with pure nitrogen from the undamaged end to the damaged one to measure their recovery of permeability. The results showed that the permeability recovery rate of the core reached 90% or so, and the damaged depth was less than 1 cm, which demonstrates that NL TDFS has higher temporary bridging effectiveness and lower damage to the gas-reservoir than other drilling fluids system. NLTDFS has been used to drill many horizontal wells, and four of them have obtained high yield of natural gas. The yield of natural gas of LPl well reached 85 X 104 m3/day after completion with the rump pipe. The formation of the stable well wall and smooth drilling led to an API loss less than 4 mL and an HTHP loss less than 15 mL.     

某型散货轮主机膨胀节损坏原因及优化改进措施

文章就某型散货轮主机膨胀节损坏原因进行分析，从设计和膨胀节的本身入手展开研究，找出损坏原因所在，对膨胀节的选型和布置进行了改进和优化。