Ground delay program planning under uncertainty in airport capacity

Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm for assigning flight departure delays under probabilistic airport capacity. The algorithm dynamically adapts to weather forecasts by revising, if necessary, departure delays. The proposed algorithm leverages state-of-the-art optimization techniques that have appeared in recent literature. As a case study, the algorithm is applied to assigning departure delays to flights scheduled to arrive at San Francisco International Airport in the presence of uncertainty in the fog clearance time. The cumulative distribution function of fog clearance time was estimated from historical data. Using daily weather forecasts to update the probabilities of fog clearance times resulted in improvement of the algorithm's performance. Experimental results also indicate that if the proposed algorithm is applied to assign ground delays to flights inbound at San Francisco International airport, overall delays could be reduced up to 25% compared to current level.     

Monitoring Aircraft Turnaround Operations – Framework Development,Application and Implications for Airline Operations

Abstract

A real-time operation monitoring system – Aircraft Turnaround Monitoring System – is developed based on a system framework to monitor aircraft turnaround operations at an airport. Mobile computing devices (PDAs) and wireless network technology General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) are used to implement the real-time monitoring system for an airline. System implementation and test results indicate that real-time operation monitoring can potentially reduce delays occurring from airline operations. Proactive measures can be taken immediately by ground handling staff to reduce delays, once the risk of delays and potential delay propagation is identified. The availability of detailed operating data can help airlines identify the root delay causes from complex connections among aircraft, flight/cabin crew and passengers. In addition, these operating data also shed some light on the future development of aircraft routing algorithms in order to consider explicitly stochastic disruptions and delay propagation in airline schedule planning.     

车用预热固体继电器的优化设计

给出优化设计后车用预热固体继电器的主要技术指标,详细介绍该类产品的优化设计方法,重点阐述输入电路增加下拉电阻设计、优化放电电路设计、增加延时电路设计和增加短路失效时切断主回路电路设计等优化设计。     

基于锥形流量延误函数的公交行程时间模型

针对交通规划软件常用的BPR公交流量延误函数在饱和度接近或大于1时,计算值与实际值相差急剧增大的不足,提出一种锥形流量延误函数,并分析了其对公交行程时间的影响,进而通过等式关系实现模型在交通仿真软件EMME/3中的实用化.相关的案例分析显示,在公交行程时间拟合方面,锥形流量延误模型较传统的BPR曲线模型误差均值降低5.57％,误差的波动降低50.60％,效果显著.     

The case for space: the measurement of capacity utilisation,its relationship with reactionary delay and the calculation of the capacity charge for the British rail network

In Britain, capacity charges are levied on train operators to cover the costs imposed by increased reactionary delays – i.e. the delay that an already late train causes to a following train. These charges are based on the link between capacity utilisation and the level of reactionary delay. An established method for measuring capacity utilisation was adopted called The Capacity Utilisation Index (CUI). In this paper, we propose an alternative methodology based on the theory that the level of reactionary delay will be determined by the minimum gaps that exist between trains. We test this measure with a new data-set for the East Coast Main Line and show that it performs better than CUI. Finally, we comment on the implications of this finding for charging and for the construction of timetables.     

基于乘客等待时间的城市轨道交通列车运行调整模型

研究突发事件导致列车晚点情况下城市轨道交通列车运行调整问题．从乘客角度出发,提出了“首站控制”和“多站协调控制”两类列车运行调整策略．考虑列车能力约束和列车区间运行时间、追踪间隔时间等运行条件约束,以受突发事件影响的全部乘客等待时间最小为优化目标,建立了基于两类调整策略的列车运行调整模型,采用Lingo软件进行求解．以某简化线路为算例,与不采取控制策略相比,两类策略下乘客等待时间均节省约9％,结果表明了模型的有效性,能够为轨道交通列车运行调整提供辅助支持．     

基于Petri网的单点信号优化感应控制

基于连续Petri网,建立交通流混合控制模型,通过分析离散化的交通信号控制混合Petri网模型,研究单交叉口交通信号感应控制问题.基于混合Petri网模型参数的分析,建立了各相位车辆总停留时间的计算方法;从库所标识与变迁使能程度间的复杂关系出发,研究了库所标识的变化规律;以车辆总停留时间最短为目标优化感应控制模型,仿真计算各相位绿灯时间.结果表明:基于混合Petri网的优化感应控制方法,4个相位的车辆平均延误显著缩短,可以较好地实现单点信号控制.     

CDM机制下基于多航站楼运行模式的机场停机位实时分配算法

将多航站楼资源共享和航空公司时隙可互换作为前提,建立多方（机场、航空公司和旅客）最小延误费用原则,采用混合集合规划（MSP）进行建模与求解.该模型不仅能保证多航站楼停机位资源的有效共享,而且能充分优化油耗成本以及航班波扰动引起的旅客中转等待成本.实例表明,文中所提出的指派算法能有效地解决多航站楼模式下的机位实时分配问题.     

A simulation framework for evaluating airport gate assignments

There are many factors that affect gate assignments in an airport's operations. These factors include static gate assignments, stochastic flight delays and real-time gate assignments. Most research on gate assignments in the past has laid stress on improving the performance of static gate assignments. None has analyzed the interrelationship between static gate assignments and real-time gate assignments as affected by the stochastic flight delays that occur in real operations. In addition, none has designed flexible buffer times for static gate assignments to effectively absorb stochastic delays in real-time gate assignments. This research proposes a simulation framework, that is not only able to analyze the effects of stochastic flight delays on static gate assignments, but can also evaluate flexible buffer times and real-time gate assignment rules. Finally, a simulation based on Chiang Kai-Shek airport operations is performed to evaluate the simulation framework.     

信号交叉口延误分析几种常用方法的比较

延误是评价交叉口服务水平和车辆通行效率的一个重要指标.文中引入停车延误和控制延误的概念,分别采用现场调查法、HCM2000算法以及仿真方法对停车延误和控制延误进行了分析计算,并以武汉市小东门交叉口信号控制方案没计为例,应用VISSIM 4.10仿真软件对其延误进行了仿真计算分析,通过与点样本法、HCM2000算法的计算结果比较,表明VISSIM软件在信控交叉口延误计算分析中具有较好的精准性和有效性,可以作为交叉口延误分析评价的有效方法之一.