桩与土钉或挡土墙联合使用时设计理论探讨

研究目的:路堑预加固桩与桩间土钉墙或挡土墙联合使用时设计计算方法尚不成熟,特别是对其"土拱效应"对桩间土钉墙或挡土墙有何影响未见报道过。传统设计时未能很好考虑这一问题,一般按经验进行设计。本文结合南昆铁路某科研试验工点,对该问题进行了深入的理论探讨,提出了一些较新的观点,供同行参考。研究结论:为了使两桩之间形成"土拱效应",应使桩间支挡物的刚度较小,使其后土体具有形成卸荷土拱的松动条件,此时桩身土压力与挡土墙上并不一致,桩上大、桩间墙上则较小,这种受力模式要求我们不必将桩间的土钉墙或挡土墙做得太强;同时由于土拱的拱矢在跨中最大(一般不超过3m),而靠近桩边时较小,故建议土钉长度跨中的要比两边的长3m左右,边上土钉长度也不宜太长。     

大跨径梁桥非连续施工对成桥影响效应分析

内蒙古某(85+6×150+85)m PC黄河特大桥冬季休工期(长达6个月),恰逢主梁施工至最大悬臂状态,需验算非连续施工阶段受力状态以保证安全合龙成桥。采用计算土弹簧刚度来模拟桩—土摩阻效应,以Maxwell模型模拟墩顶新型阻尼器的墩梁位移效应,建立连续成桥和非连续成桥的线性和非线性数值模型。结果表明,与连续施工成桥相比,长悬臂施工状态休工使梁端上挠增大,主梁位移变化明显;主梁纵向最大弯矩增大,箱梁混凝土上下缘应力累积减小。     

基于集肤效应的地铁短路时间常数研究

在充分利用广州地铁实测数据基础上,通过建立恰当的短路计算模型,证明了在地铁短路过程的发展阶段其短路电流的时间常数是不断变化的;同时,对集肤效应进行了深入的理论分析,通过对实际情况的适当简化,进行了相关仿真研究;在仿真结果的基础上,总结了地铁走行轨在集肤效应的影响下电阻和电感参数随频率变化的情况。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

喷锚支护的时间效应与空间效应

喷锚支护是新奥法构筑隧道的主要支护手段，为使喷锚支护与围岩形成共同承载结构，必须在适宜的时机及根据适当的围岩变位量来确定恰当的喷锚支护结构。     

高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相互干扰分析

提出了高桥墩之间几何非线性效应的相干分析计算模型。它适合于应用平面有限元法的计算程序求解。通过一个实例和应用逐次渐近法验证了该模型的精度，并从中得到一些有用的结论。     

模糊逻辑推理在消除交通流诱导负效应中的应用

针对交通流诱导可能产生的负效应问题,提出了诱导负效应消除的原理和模糊逻辑推理方法。在原理设计中,考虑了出行者的出行行为对网络交通流分配的影响;在实现方法上,应用模糊推理技术对分流交通量进行了预测,并设计了路线交叉口信号灯配时方案调整的模糊控制算法,模拟结果验证了模糊逻辑推理技术的有效性。研究表明:交通流诱导负效应的产生主要是由于信息条件下的道路出行者路线选择行为的不确定性引起的,而且交通流诱导与控制同时进行是消除交通流诱导负效应产生的关键。     

排气动力效应在二冲程摩托车上的应用

排气动力效应对于二冲程摩托车的性能有很大影响，特别体现在排气净化消声器的结构设计中，设计得合理，将会在保证排放控制的前提下，动力性和经济性比原车都有所改善，已经通过模拟计算及实践获得了证明。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。