大跨径连续刚构桥主跨底板合龙预应力束的空间效应研究

对大跨径连续刚构桥中跨底板混凝土在底板预应力筋作用下可能纵向开裂的现象进行了分析,阐述了产生这种现象的力学机理。根据一座跨径布置为140 m 268 m 140 m的单箱单室预应力连续刚构桥的结构与设计特点,对该桥在底板预应力作用下的空间效应不利影响进行了分析,提出了避免跨中箱梁底板纵向开裂、底板混凝土向下崩出和腹板竖向拉应力过大的建议,可为大跨度连续刚构桥的设计提供参考。     

圆截面钢管砼构件极限弯矩分析

分析了圆截面钢管砼构件在弯曲极限状态下,钢管和砼相互作用而产生的两种套箍作用效果;推导了理想塑性状态下的中和轴位置和极限弯矩的计算方法.     

2006年武汉市城市交通状况分析

从机动车保有量持续增长、私人小汽车进入家庭的步伐不断加快的问题入手,对2006年武汉市城市交通状况进行了分析:城市公共交通虽然有了一定进步,但仍然存在不少问题;城市停车缺口将继续扩大,2007年停车难将进一步加剧;重点地区如中心区、商业区与过江交通拥堵加剧,并且问题越来越严重.在此基础上,对城市交通问题提出了思考与对策,从交通供给与需求、居住与就业、交通管理与公共交通策略等几方面进行了论述,指出优先发展城市公共交通是"实施国家可持续发展、建设资源节约型社会、环境友好型社会、构建和谐社会等重大战略的重要组成部分".     

信号交叉口车路环境对电动自行车释放膨胀特性的影响分析

电动自行车数量的急剧增长导致其在绿灯释放阶段膨胀特性明显,进而加重了交叉口的机非冲突、降低了车流的通行效率。利用视频轨迹提取技术,通过光流法的表现形式描述直行电动自行车在绿灯期间的膨胀特征,并根据其密度变化、膨胀差异和电动自行车对机动车的影响程度,确定出释放初期为主要研究时段;同时,提出了一种反映电动自行车膨胀变化的新型指标膨胀度,分别通过线性相关分析、秩相关性分析和偏相关分析,确定了车路环境中影响膨胀度的动态因素和静态因素;最后基于6个信号交叉口的实测数据,建立各因素与膨胀度的数学关系模型,并结合实际交通条件,给出不同车路环境下电动自行车的管控措施与渠化方法。研究结果表明：车路环境中的电动自行车流量、机动车流量、电动自行车过街距离、非机动车进/出口道宽度、机非分隔带设置情况这5种因素对膨胀度的影响能力各异,右转机动车流量与膨胀度相关性最高。此外,动态因素与膨胀度之间具有确定的函数关系,存在电动自行车与机动车流量均衡效益最大的优势区域;静态因素的差异会导致电动自行车膨胀形式的变化;膨胀度可与动态、静态因素构建复合函数模型。研究成果可为混合交通流的渠化设计和信号配时提供理论依据和技术支持。     

钢-混凝土组合梁桥温度场与温度效应研究综述

组合结构桥梁由热工性能差异显著的钢材和混凝土构成,温度效应往往成为控制其设计和应用的关键因素,因此,对其温度场和温度效应进行准确地计算与评估具有重要的科研价值与工程意义。对组合结构桥梁温度场与温度效应开展了综述研究。首先,对各国桥梁规范温度荷载的规定进行归纳对比,讨论不同规范中温度荷载计算方法的特点,总结中国现有规范对全国气候划分的分辨率不足、对日照辐射的考虑不够完善等有待提升之处;其次,对国内外桥梁温度场与温度效应研究的发展与现状进行调研,重点分析中国钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁温度场与温度效应的研究进展,对现有研究的不足进行讨论;再次,提出基于可靠度理论的组合结构桥梁设计温度荷载模型,可使用气象部门统计的温度统计资料,通过MATLAB高效数值模型计算形成组合结构桥梁温度场时程数据,进一步利用极值模型获得桥梁设计的温度荷载代表值,快速、高效地实现对桥梁地理信息、结构参数等因素的考虑;最后,以北京地区典型3跨连续直线组合梁桥为算例,对连续钢-混凝土组合桥梁的温度效应展开研究。提出的基于可靠度理论与MATLAB的钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁设计温度荷载模型,可实现任意地区组合结构桥梁温度场的精确计算并显著提升计算效率。     

Identifying transit deserts for low-income commuters in Wuhan Metropolitan Area,China

The rapid expansion of many Chinese cities has put increasing pressure on existing urban transportation systems. Using Baidu users’ location data, this research analyzes the spatial patterns of the transit systems and commuter flows in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China, and identifies transit deserts affecting low-income commuters. The results show that, first, most transit demand are generated by trips between neighboring communities, while large transit supply tends to occur between distant communities in the region. Second, about 11.21% of low-income commuters are affected by transit deserts in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. In detail, 61.30% of them commute within the city centers and 36.06% of them commute within the suburbs. Only about 2.64% of them actually travel between city centers and suburbs. Third, for low-income suburban commuters, transit deserts occur when they are surrounded by low-density transit infrastructure and low-frequency transit services, which makes it very difficult for them to connect to rest of the region. However, for low-income commuters residing in the city centers, transit deserts are mainly caused by the large numbers of transit-dependent people competing for limited transit supply in the areas. This research explores the relationship between transit systems and commuting demand in a major Chinese metropolitan area. The findings could help guide future transit system planning in China and beyond.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

武汉光谷国际网球中心与三环线衔接匝道研究

介绍了武汉市三环线武黄立交新增匝道的设计思路、方案调整及匝道车道数研究。通过分析新增匝道建设的主要受控因素,提出了三环线到达及驶离网球中心停车场不同路径的匝道方案,并从多方面对匝道方案进行综合比选。     

山区双车道公路机动车碰撞事故严重度致因比较分析与预测

以云南山区双车道公路1740起碰撞事故数据为基础,将事故数据分为机动车与机动车、机动车与摩托车、机动车与非机动车3种类型,事故严重度划分为仅财产损失、轻伤、重伤或死亡事故3个等级,分别用部分优势比模型和有序Logit模型建立3类机动车碰撞事故严重度分析模型,对比分析不同等级事故的显著影响因素和模型的预测准确率,分析部分...     

反舰导弹末制导参数对箔条冲淡干扰效果影响分析

箔条冲淡干扰是水面舰艇对抗雷达末制导反舰导弹的重要手段之一,冲淡干扰效果受多方面因素的制约.分析了方位搜索角和距离搜索波门等末制导雷达参数对箔条冲淡干扰效果可能造成的影响,通过计算机仿真进行了验证,并提出了消除影响的初步思路.