汽车用薄钢板表面波纹度测量技术研究

通过对试验室A和试验室B开展汽车薄钢板表面波纹度(Wa)的比对试验,分析了采用不同测量仪器对同一试样测得的数据出现较大差别的现象,得出其原因:①钢板表面各处Wa的不均匀性;②测针锥形尖端曲率半径和圆锥的坡形角度不同;③设备使用导头基准与独立直线基准不同;④采用剪板机剪切的试样平面度公差难以保证.要使检测数据具有相互参考...     

潜艇按照预定空间轨迹运动的控制

控制潜艇按照预定空间轨迹航行,通过减小潜艇实际运动轨迹和预定轨迹的轨迹偏差来提高潜艇的航行控制精度。通过解算,将轨迹偏差变成指令航向、指令深度和指令纵倾,运用最优控制方法来控制舵角的变化,使潜艇较精确的按照预定的空间轨迹航行。     

船舶轨迹运动控制方法改进研究

分析了船舶轨迹控制的直接法和间接法的特点,提出综合航向控制与航迹控制,利用航向差与航迹角度差的变化,调整航向差与航迹角度的相互关系来控制舵角,达到消除航迹偏差的控制目的。通过实船试验,验证了此方法简单实用、控制精度高、灵活性强的特点,特别是在复杂条件下,此法避免了大量的力学分析和算法推演,只考虑各种因素对船舶的实际影响结果,控制效果明显。     

浅析清单报价中的偏差单价及修正

分析了错误的清单单价产生的影响,阐述偏差单价修正的必要性,通过两个案例探讨了偏差单价的修正方法。     

宁波舟山港主通道一体式钢管桩制造技术

宁波舟山港主通道工程70m跨非通航孔主桥和62.5m跨非通航孔引桥采用螺旋焊缝钢管桩(每根桩上、下部分壁厚不同),桩径分1.6m、1.8m、2m三种规格,最大桩长109m。针对钢管桩大直径、超长、不等壁厚等特点,钢管桩采用全自动化整桩螺旋卷制生产制造方案。制造过程中,将2根桩相同壁厚部分连起来制造,采用在线预精焊、全自动激光跟踪扫描智能化纠偏焊接技术、钢带对接外焊缝自动焊接设备和剪力环自动焊接专用机器设备,建立大直径、超长钢管桩全自动化生产线,实现钢管桩高质、快速制造。该技术的应用,使钢管桩焊接质量一次检测合格率达99.5%以上,加工效率提高2.5倍,仅用16个月,完成了24万吨钢管桩的制造。     

一种交通量检测设备布设方法的研究

针对目前交通流检测设备布设中出现的一些问题，借助均匀设计方法，结合神经网络处理观测交通流数据，在设置数量有限制条件下，开展布设方案优化设计研究。方案设计力图在人力、物力投入最小的前提下，通过典型路段、交叉口等交通基础设施的组合，可以更多的获取交通流参数信息，全面、准确的反映城市交通流分布情况。选用了67的均匀设计表作为方案设计基础表，经过拟水平处理后设计优化方案，运用BP神经网络构建交通量推断模型，判定设计方案的优劣，进行了实地交通流检测设备优化布设研究。通过研究可知，采取优选布设方案采集的交通量对检测路段交通量进行预测，相对偏差可以达到0．006。     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

重力式方块码头构件安装偏差过大缺陷防治

总结重力式码头方块、卸荷板安装常见的质量缺陷,分析缺陷的成因及工程危害,提出防治措施,应用后收到预期效果。     

基于图像分析技术的混凝土表面色差检测及评定

混凝土色差是混凝土结构外观质量检测与评定时的重要参数之一。目前,混凝土色差的评定主要依据检测人员的经验对混凝土表面颜色的均一性进行直观定性判断,其结果难以客观评定混凝土的外观质量。基于图像分析技术的应用,提出采用数码相机现场采集混凝土结构表面图像,对图像进行灰度转换,计算灰度图像的标准差,考虑人类视觉识别特征和拍摄环境的影响,建立混凝土表面色差的定量评价体系和方法。基于所提方法,对一混凝土结构的表面进行了对比试验,结果表明：该方法能有效检测与评定混凝土表面色差缺陷。