北京市轨道交通产业化研究

分析北京城市轨道交通产业的特点,阐述其发展的优劣势,从规划设计咨询类、工程建设施工类、装备制造类、运营类及增值服务类等5个方面,分析北京城市轨道交通产业链的构成与发展情况及发展需求,并结合国家对轨道交通的战略性新型产业的定位,提出3点发展建议,为推动北京城市轨道交通产业的健康发展提供参考.     

山岭重丘区高等级公路改建工程路基施工

以安楚高速公路改建工程十三合同段为例,从技术准备、软土地基、防护及排水工程施工、路基挖方、路基填筑等5个方面重点介绍了山岭重丘区高等级公路改建工程的路基施工.     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.     

大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙关键技术

以4座主跨超过400 m的钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙控制为背景,对大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥中跨合龙的2种方法进行对比分析,对合龙各主要工序的关键技术进行研究。提出了合龙段配切长度的计算公式和合龙口宽度连续观测的测点布置方式。建议:在调整好合龙口姿态后可不加压重,也可不采用临时劲性骨架锁定;采用无线采集设备采集合龙口结构的温度场,用激光测距仪测量合龙口宽度以提高观测效率和安全性;在悬臂施工阶段关注梁长累计误差并通过调整后续梁段的制造长度消除之。     

Evaluating sustainability of supply chains by two-stage range directional measure in the presence of negative data

Assessing sustainability of supply chains is a critical and increasingly complex problem. In recent years sustainability has received more attention in supply chain management (SCM) literature with triple bottom lines including social, environmental, and economic factors. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models consider decision making units (DMUs) as black boxes that consume a set of inputs to produce a set of outputs and do not take into consideration internal interactions of DMUs. Two-stage DEA models deal with such DMUs. However, existing two-stage DEA models are applicable only in technologies characterized by positive inputs/outputs. This paper aims to build and present a new two-stage DEA model considering negative input-intermediate-output data. Some numerical examples along with some theorems and properties are given to show capability of proposed method. The proposed ideas are used in a case study where 29 Iranian supply chains producing equipment of expendable medical devices are evaluated in terms of sustainability.     

A carbon footprint-based closed-loop supply chain model under uncertainty with risk analysis: A case study

The management of products’ end-of-life and the recovery of used products has gained significant importance in recent years. In this paper, we address the carbon footprint-based problem that arises in a closed-loop supply chain where returned products are collected from customers. These returned products can either be disposed of or be remanufactured to be resold as new ones. Given this environment, an optimization model for a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which carbon emission is expressed in terms of environmental constraints, i.e., carbon emission constraints, is developed. These constraints aim to limit the carbon emission per unit of product supplied with different transportation modes. Here, we design a closed-loop network where capacity limits, single-item management and uncertainty on product demands and returns are considered. First, fuzzy mathematical programming is introduced for uncertain modeling. Then, the statistical approach to the possibility to synthesize fuzzy information is utilized. Therefore, using a defined possibilistic mean and variance, we transform the proposed fuzzy mathematical model into a crisp form to facilitate efficient computation and analysis. Finally, the risk caused by violating the estimated resource constraints is analyzed so that decision makers (DMs) can trade off between the expected cost savings and the expected risk. We utilize data from a company located in Iran.     

Reducing CO2 emissions in temperature-controlled road transportation using the LDVRP model

Temperature-controlled transport is needed to maintain the quality of products such as fresh and frozen foods and pharmaceuticals. Road transportation is responsible for a considerable part of global emissions. Temperature-controlled transportation exhausts even more emissions than ambient temperature transport because of the extra fuel requirements for cooling and because of leakage of refrigerant. The transportation sector is under pressure to improve both its environmental and economic performance. To explore opportunities to reach this goal, the Load-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (LDVRP) model has been developed to optimize routing decisions taking into account fuel consumption and emissions related to the load of the vehicle. However, this model does not take refrigeration related emissions into account. We therefore propose an extension of the LDVRP model to optimize routing decisions and to account for refrigeration emissions in temperature-controlled transportation systems. This extended LDVRP model is applied in a case study in the Dutch frozen food industry. We show that taking the emissions caused by refrigeration in road transportation can result in different optimal routes and speeds compared with the LDVRP model and the standard Vehicle Routing Problem model. Moreover, taking the emissions caused by refrigeration into account improves the estimation of emissions related to temperature-controlled transportation. This model can help to reduce emissions of temperature-controlled road transportation.     

递进式连锁经营管理专业实践教学改革研究——基于加盟创业项目视角

连锁经营管理专业人才培养目标大多定位在一线服务员或基层管理者，所培养的学生必须具备较强的连锁专业能力和创业能力，而大多数高职院校培养出来的学生在这些方面所表现出来的能力却差强人意，尤其是创业能力方面。本文提出将加盟创业项目贯穿于连锁经营管理实践教学全过程，按照“仿真训练-校内孵化-校内模拟-市场全真”四个阶段，形成一个递进式的实践教学流程，从而促使学生的专业能力和创业能力实现递进式提升。     

起伏基岩地层盾构姿态控制及刀具配置分析

为了解决在起伏基岩地层中盾构掘进姿态控制困难及刀盘不均匀消耗问题,以长沙地铁2号线西延线盾构区间为工程实例,通过对现场油缸推力关系统计分析,得出盾构区间直线段和曲线段地层由软至硬和由硬至软的合理的油缸推力比,并应用于工程实际,得出相应的直线段和曲线段的水平、竖向偏差且均满足轴线偏差不超过50 mm的标准要求。同时,通过对现场每百米刀具更换情况统计分析,得出合理的刀具改良配置建议。     

海域围堰上软下硬地层中地下连续墙施工技术研究与实践

汕头市苏埃通道南岸明挖隧道位于海域围堰内,围堰内上软下硬的特殊地层给地下连续墙施工过程中的泥浆护壁、成槽造成极大的困扰。地下连续墙成槽施工前期主要采用"抓—冲结合"成槽工艺;在淤泥层、砂层、全风化岩层采用液压抓斗成槽机直接成槽;在强风化、中风化、微风化岩层采用冲击钻机冲孔、修槽成孔工艺。单元槽段成槽时一般完成1个槽段需要20 d以上,最长1个槽段达40 d,严重影响工期进度。为了改变地下连续墙施工状况,结合类似工程实践经验,在旋挖钻的基础上进行改造,将钻头设计为牙轮钻钻头,对强、中风化岩层钻孔取芯,通过组合使用"成槽机+冲击锤+旋挖钻(牙轮钻)"后,实现了地下连续墙施工效率的极大提升。经过成槽施工方案比选、入岩墙深设计优化、孤石破碎和基岩处理工艺探讨,顺利完成了该基坑工程,积累了在该类上部淤泥下部基岩地层中地下连续墙施工的经验。