Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

Improving assimilation of SeaWiFS data by the application of bias correction with a local SEIK filter

Ocean-biogeochemical models show typically significant errors in the representation of chlorophyll concentrations. The model state can be improved by the assimilation of satellite chlorophyll data with algorithms based on the Kalman filter. However, these algorithms do usually not account for the possibility that the model prediction contains systematic errors in the form of model bias. Accounting explicitly for model biases can improve the assimilation performance. To study the effect of bias estimation on the estimation of surface chlorophyll concentrations, chlorophyll data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) are assimilated on a daily basis into the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM). The assimilation is performed by the ensemble-based SEIK filter combined with an online bias correction scheme. The SEIK filter is simplified here by the use of a static error covariance matrix. The performance of the filter algorithm is assessed by comparison with independent in situ data over the 7-year period 1998–2004. The bias correction results in significant improvements of the surface chlorophyll concentrations compared to the assimilation without bias estimation. With bias estimation, the daily surface chlorophyll estimates from the assimilation show about 3.3% lower error than SeaWiFS data. In contrast, the error in the global surface chlorophyll estimate without bias estimation is 10.9% larger than the error of SeaWiFS data.     

山区高速公路螺旋展线路段线形安全评价方法

根据螺旋展线路段的线形特点，将基于“速差”、“车型速差”和“速度梯度”的评价标准，以及考虑横断面变化路段、隧道路段、长大弯坡路段的运行速度修正模型应用于工程实例中，可使运行速度的评价方法适用于螺旋展线路段，确保线形设计的连续性和一致性。     

城市轨道交通供电系统谐波分析与计算

通过对城市轨道交通系统谐波分析，提出用数学解析的方法对谐波进行计算。首先提出电流源计算方法的假设条件；然后用图形法作出谐波电源的等效电路；接着用数学解析的方法对谐波进行数学建模，求解出谐波电流含量和谐波电压畸变率。     

基于整车模型的车身开口对角变形动态仿真研究

文章利用虚拟试验:(Virtual Proving Ground,简称VPG)提取的路谱载荷,基于整车模型系统研究了车型1(轿车),车型2(跨界SUV),车型3(中大型SUV)三种典型车型在动载荷激励下车身开口对角相对变形情况,并将动态法计算结果与静态工况分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:车型1在比利时路面和共振路面工况下车身开口对角变形量相对较大;基于虚拟路面动载荷激励法与车辆实际服役工况更接近,计算的开口对角变形量远大于静态工况的计算结果;模态贡献量分析显示对车型1,2,3后背门处车身开口对角变形影响最大的模态频率分别是14.49Hz,20.48Hz,21.51Hz,模态贡献量分析结果可为进一步结构优化和性能提升提供参考依据。     

基于状态设计法的沥青路面弯沉设计标准

为了建立沥青路面设计新标准,针对沥青路面结构破坏特征,提出了沥青路面破坏状态的判别准则,通过多省区多路段广泛的交通量调查和路表弯沉检测,建立了容许弯沉与累计交通量的幂函数关系,揭示了沥青路面相对弯沉变化规律,据此提出了以设计弯沉为指标的沥青路面设计新标准,建立了沥青路面状态设计法。系统分析了现行沥青路面设计规范所推荐的弯沉综合修正系数计算公式的本质特征,指出了其存在的概念性错误,并给出了相应的改进方法。研究结果表明:状态设计法厘清了设计状态与破坏状态的概念以及二者的相互关系,从原理上统一了设计指标与材料参数的工作状态,对于结构失效界限不明显的沥青路面具有良好的适用性;弯沉综合修正系数是理论弯沉与实测弯沉相对偏差的定量描述,直接用理论弯沉或实测弯沉表示最为客观。     

顶推法施工的曲线连续梁桥截面实测应力分析

在采用顶推法施工的曲线连续梁桥的主梁内预埋的钢筋计测得的混凝土应力远大于理论经计算结果,这主要是由混凝土收缩徐变变形中的非弹性变形包含在钢筋计中引起的。本文提出了用于扣除混凝土实测应力中收缩徐变非弹性变形影响的两种计算方法,并且将徐变对实测应力影响计算进行了特殊考虑,在一座大桥进行施工监控中使用取得了较好的效果。     

结构构件裂缝发展状况的灰色预测

本文简要介绍了 GM(1 .1 )预测模型的特点及其数学方法 ,通过某钢筋混凝土构件最大裂缝宽度逐年发展状况的预测实例 ,阐述了该法在工程结构预测中的应用     

基于OD数据校验的交通流量检测数据修正方法

运行稳定,检测精度高的交通信息检测设备是智能交通的需求。针对高速公路车检器流量检测数据精度不高的问题,以OD数据得到的断面流量数据为基础,提出了修正车检器分车型流量检测数据的方法以及评估车检器稳定性的方法。研究过程主要运用数据预处理、数理统计等数据挖掘的关键技术对车检器流量检测数据进行挖掘分析,得出车检器分车型的修正系数,将还原后的流量检测数据与修正系数相比较对流量检测数据进行修正,将修正后的数据与实际的断面流量数据相比较得出车检器的稳定性,最后通过实例测试进行了修正结果的误差验证,测试结果表明,小型车和总流量的误差均在±4%之内,且90%的数据在±2%之内,方法对小型车及总流量的检测数据修正效果良好;中型车误差80%在±5%之内且大部分为负值,说明修正结果较实际断面流量普遍偏小;大型车误差在10%之内且为正值,说明误差较大且修正结果较实际断面流量偏大。大、中型车车流量误差偏大可能是由于车检器将一部分中型车判定为大型车所致。     

汽车气动升力风洞试验值的修正方法

分别采用数值模拟和风洞试验,研究汽车风洞移动带产生的附加升力,获得前后轮移动带静压系数和附加升力系数的数值模拟和试验结果。接着通过对静止和运动工况移动带静压系数变化的数值模拟,发现由静止工况变为运动工况后,前轮带的附加升力系数仅增加0郾004,而后轮带增加0郾008。结合静止工况的试验数据和静止与运动工况的数值模拟结果,给出了运动工况汽车风洞气动升力系数的修正公式,从而可获得被测车辆的真实升力系数。