Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.     

Modeling traffic noise in a mountainous city using artificial neural networks and gradient correction

Different regions have established traffic noise prediction models to adapt to their particular environmental characteristics. This paper aimed to develop a traffic noise prediction model for mountainous cities. In China, the traffic noise prediction model HJ 2.4-2009, which itself is based on the sound pressure level corrected for roadway gradients (RGs), has been receiving widespread acceptance. On the basis of the model in HJ 2.4-2009, the RG correction coefficient was proposed to modify the original model and a per-vehicle noise prediction model was built using a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model. The data collected from a municipal road of a hilly city, Chongqing, was used to train and validate the ANN model. The predictor variables comprised the per-vehicle noise value, vehicle type, vehicle velocity, and roadway gradient. The results showed that the modified HJ 2.4-2009 model incorporating the gradient correction coefficient achieved a significantly higher R² for mountainous cities than the original model. Besides, the ANN-based noise prediction model achieved considerable accuracy improvement over the empirical predictive equations.     

超速行为多通道告警及差异化矫正研究

为了对超速行为进行有效控制，研究多通道告警系统以及差异化矫正系统对不同风险等级超速行为的干预矫正效果。试验基于模拟驾驶三维仿真平台，搭建包含隧道在内的限速高速公路场景，将招募的48名被试平均分为对照组、告警组、矫正组以及告警-矫正组，采用自主设计的多通道告警系统以及差异化矫正系统进行模拟驾驶试验。结果表明：在驾驶表现方面，与对照组相比，告警组的平均车速离差减小，但可接受风险超速比例显著增加，矫正组的平均车速显著降低，比对照组低8.31 km·h^-1，告警-矫正组超速时间比例最低，在可接受风险、低风险以及高风险超速行为下，其平均超速比例分别低至6.55%、0.18%和0.01%；在主观评价方面，告警-矫正组在有效度、接受度、使用度、推广度、满意度、理解度、轻松程度和注意力分散程度等8个维度的综合评分最高；在视觉特性方面，相比矫正组，告警-矫正组的积分界面注视频率以及积分界面注意力分配率均显著下降，对限速标志牌的注视频次最高，且单次视线离开路面时长在462~982 ms区间，表明告警-矫正组合系统在不干扰驾驶人安全驾驶的情况下，提高了驾驶人主动控制超速行为的意识。     

铁路隧道结构计算荷载问题分析讨论

铁路隧道复合式衬砌结构的计算荷载,按有关资料建议取值存在主观操作差异,设计失之指导与规范。通过进一步分析隧道工程状态,认为应规范化区别各级围岩及其级内差异和支护强度,以体现不同围岩衬砌的受力差异和平衡同级衬砌受力水平,为合理确定结构荷载提供条件;综合新奥法和传统矿山法分析,衬砌结构“远期”都承受相当的围岩压力,经结构验算和实测压力分析比较,并参考公路隧道设计细则,确定铁路深埋隧道坍方荷载按现行公式计算,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级衬砌荷载为坍方荷载的40%; Ⅳ、Ⅴ级衬砌分别为50%和70%; Ⅱ、Ⅲ级单线衬砌可视为安全储备,当跨度增加时,应全面满足构造、工程类比和结构检算要求;各级围岩侧压力系数按规范沿用,可以此统筹当前设计。建议通过系统性实测统计分析和试验研究,为进一步完善结构设计方法提供条件。     

模块化大型钢结构焊接变形控制

重点研究如何控制模块化大型钢结构焊接期间的变形.以Koniambo镍矿项目为例,详细分析焊接变形产生的原因,对出现的焊接变形的类型进行了归纳.提出在建造过程中为控制焊接变形须采取的必要措施.     

GPS在船舶航速和计程仪改正率测定中的应用

大型船舶运动性能的测定,采用传统的测速区测速法因受海域水深及环境因素的制约,往往难以实施.船载GPS具有定位精度高的特点,此文给出了利用GPS在宽阔海域测定船舶航速和计程仪改正率的方法及测速精度分析,可供大型船舶测定船舶运动性能时应用.     

船舶上层建筑整体纵向振动固有频率预报方法研究

文章推导了船舶上层建筑整体纵向振动固有频率预报公式,将上层建筑整体纵向振动固有频率视为由上层建筑根部刚性固定在主船体上的剪弯振动固有频率和上层建筑根部弹性固定在主船体上的刚体回转振动固有频率两部分串联合成,重点研究了上层建筑刚体回转振动固有频率计算公式中等效刚性系数的取法,并对剪切振动固有频率计算公式进行了修正,给出了考虑弯曲振动影响的修正系数计算公式。采用三维有限元模型计算了6600TEU集装箱船、112000t油轮、35000t散货船、PANAMAX型油船、31000t散货船和12000t货船六条船的上层建筑整体纵向振动固有频率以及剪弯振动固有频率和刚体回转振动固有频率,并且得到了各条船的等效刚性系数,绘制了等效刚性系数曲线。以52000t大舱口货船为例,采用本文方法计算其上层建筑整体纵向振动固有频率,与实测值较为接近,证明文中提出的方法是可行的。     

调幅话信号时分干扰效果研究

针对时分多目标干扰效果的影响因素,从功率角度对其进行了公式推导,以干扰机发射功率、干扰占空比为变化参数,以话音可懂度、频谱失真测度为干扰效果评判指标,建立了调幅话信号时分法干扰仿真模型,通过仿真计算,得出了干扰机发射功率、干扰占空比与干扰效果的关系。     

罗兰C地波传播的ASF修正研究

罗兰C信号地波传播ASF（附加二次相位因子）是其定位误差的主要来源,对ASF进行修正可显著提高其定位精度。针对ASF修正进行了理论和实验研究,给出地波在不同传播路径上传播时延的计算方法,并把ASF的理论预测值和实测值进行比对。研究表明,采用理论预测和实测修正相结合的方法,建立罗兰C覆盖区ASF修正数据库是可行的。