柴油机故障诊断专家系统知识库设计

在分析柴油机故障诊断知识特点的基础上,采用模糊化方法对柴油机运行状态参数进行处理,采用综合型知识方式来表达柴油机故障诊断知识,采用多库多层次的方式组织知识库,并对知识库采取一系列方式进行管理与维护。应用表明,柴油机故障诊断专家系统的预报准确率较高,具有较强的实用性。     

On incentives and optimal effort to improve bus transit performance

ABSTRACT

This paper studies incentive-based subsidy to transit systems to improve performance. It derives a formula for optimal effort that equalizes marginal cost and marginal benefit and derives some principles from it among which is that the larger the value of a transit system’s performance criterion the larger the effort it will exert to improve it. Next, using a constrained cost minimization approach it derives a nonlinear cost function that includes optimal effort and estimates it using an unbalanced panel data of single mode U.S. bus transit systems. The results show that optimal effort is the equivalent of seven full-time employees (15,243 labor hours) per year and in real terms it results in 0.6% cost saving (US$198,331) and US$836,796 in incentive subsidy per observation. The implications of these findings are examined.     

Estimating bike-share trips using station level data

Bicycle sharing systems (BSS) have increased in number rapidly since 2007. The potential benefits of BSS, mainly sustainability, health and equity, have encouraged their adoption through support and promotion by mayors in Europe and North America alike. In most cases municipal governments desire their BSS to be successful and, with few exceptions, state them as being so. New technological improvements have dramatically simplified the use and enforcement of bicycle return, resulting in the widespread adoption of BSS. Unfortunately little evaluation of the effectiveness of differently distributed and managed BSS has taken place. Comparing BSS systems quantitatively is challenging due to the limited data made available. The metrics of success presented by municipalities are often too general or incomparable to others making relative evaluations of BSS success arduous. This paper presents multiple methodologies allowing the estimation of the number of daily trips, the most significant measure of BSS usage, based on data that is commonly available, the number of bicycles available at a station over time. Results provide model coefficients as well as trip count estimates for select cities. Of four spatial and temporal aggregate models the day level aggregation is found to be most effective for estimation. In addition to trip estimation this work provides a rigorous formalization of station level data and the ability to distinguish spatio-temporal rebalancing quantities as well as new characteristics of BSS station use.     

虚实结合的综合电子信息系统试验技术研究

研究一种以虚拟兵力与实装兵力相结合的试验与测试技术,主要论述虚实兵力混合试验技术体系、信息交互控制技术和一种可用于该技术的编队队形保持算法。虚实兵力混合试验技术为综合电子信息系统试验测试评估提供理论支持和测试方法,为真虚拟兵力加入系统试验提供方法,以保证在投入最小规模兵力条件下实现试验效益的最大化。     

交通发展中的技术及技术含量的判断

交通运输与技术是需要深入探究的系统工程问题. 从技术与经济发展关系的角度入手，解读了新技术的应用与交通运输发展的关系；系统分析了交通运输中的技术、技术含量、技术含量判断方法等，指出新技术的应用要以提高运输效率和质量为目的；从系统工程的角度分析，得出交通运输系统的关键技术主要体现在交通基础设施、运输工具、装载设备、运输组织管理和服务水平等5个方面.最后简要介绍了交通运输领域部分新技术的应用情况.     

200km／h动力分散型电动车组辅助电源改进的探讨

对我国最近试制成功的200km／h动力分散型电动车组辅助电源负载进行了分析与评论，建议取消辅助变流器，包括空调器在内的辅助电动机采用单相电动机，直接从主变压器辅助绕组取电；110V直流电源也是经整流器得到。这样，既可以降低成本，又可以减轻电动车组重量。     

分布式数据库车站货运管理信息系统

阐述了分布式数据库车站货运管理信息系统的基本功能、局域网ＬＡＮ（ＬｏｃａｌＡｒｅａＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ）网络拓扑结构的选择和特点，以及货运管理信息系统数据库的设计等．     

Transportation — “Current on-board vehicle systems”

The paper reviews the current situation on-board microprocessor applications. It first describes the aspects of vehicle technology and performance that are the focus for on-board computing equipment, from engine management systems through to fully intergrated driver decision support. In the second section a wider perspective is taken by examining the interaction of the vehicle and its environment. The third and final section of the paper considers elements of communication which permit extensive transmission of vehicle and journey data for public and private use. The conclusion identifies factors which will influence the speed with which further applications will be adopted.     

应用均匀分布负荷进行供电计算

均匀分布负荷是电力系统中经常采用的分析方法,本文以牵引网电压降计算为例,介绍了应用均匀分布负荷进行供电系统计算的方法,以全并联供电计算为重点,突出体现了采用该方法进行供电计算所具有的特点和优势。     

Effect of parking information on travelers' knowledge and behavior

In many urban centers the demand for parking increases sharply before Christmas mainly due to shopping activity — causing parking congestion. One way to ameliorate such congestion is by disseminating parking information. Informed drivers may divert to relatively under-utilized parking facilities relieving the pressure on congested facilities. The City of Nottingham in England tested a real-time parking information system designed to alleviate congestion in the City Center parking facilities. Real-time information was disseminated through the radio, while historical information regarding parking locations was disseminated through newspaper advertisements and leaflets. The objective of this study is to assess impacts of the parking information system on travelers' knowledge and decisions.Survey research was used to understand traveler response. Respondents' levels of knowledge regarding car parks were analyzed by developing Poisson regression models. Drivers were more likely to have greater knowledge of city center car parks if they used several information sources (radio broadcasts, newspaper advertisements or leaflets and word-of-mouth), were active seekers of parking information, and searched for parking rather than going directly to a parking facility. In addition, the study of behavior showed that drivers were more inclined to use the relatively under-utilized Park-and-Ride facilities instead of the city center car parks if they received parking information from Newspaper advertisements/leaflets. Overall, the parking information service in Nottingham was effective; it seems reasonable to establish such information dissemination and monitoring systems at parking facilities in other urban areas. Furthermore, to support informed travel and activity participation decisions, parking information should be integrated with traffic and transit information.