重卡外气动性能评估与优化

利用数字仿真方法对某重卡的整车空气动力特性进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析,获得整车的风阻系数;并且根据对整车流场的压力云图分析,发现影响空气阻力系数的关键零件,并对导流罩进行了优化改进。优化后的分析表明改进效果是明显的,空气阻力系数得到了有效降低。     

船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验研究

在船模拖曳水池中进行了船用丙纶缆绳的水阻力试验。缆绳切向阻力系数由长、短两根裸绳直拖试验而获得,为0.036;法向阻力系数由缆绳悬挂重物吊拖试验得到为1.66。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

基于DE S的高速列车气动阻力分布特性研究

基于Realizable k-ε方程的DES数值模拟方法,研究某高速列车头、中和尾车不同区域对整车气动阻力系数的贡献值,并结合风洞试验结果,验证本文所采用的计算方法,计算与风洞试验结果两者偏差在2％以内;各车辆的瞬态气动阻力系数时程曲线在均方根值上下波动,其中头车的脉动幅度最小,尾车最大;头车、尾车的头部曲面区域及各个车辆转向架区域的气动阻力占整车气动阻力的77．8％;前端转向架区域气动阻力系数从头车、到中间车、到尾车大幅度减少,后端转向架区域气动阻力系数逐渐增加;从流场结构来看,列车的头部、风挡、车底结构以及车尾处产生了大量的漩涡;沿车长方向,头车车体附近的漩涡情况好于中车和尾车。     

移动地面条件下的微型车外流场数值模拟研究

为研究地面边界条件对汽车外流场数值模拟的影响,制定了两种方案对某微型车进行数值模拟计算,并对结果进行分析．研究表明：不同的地面边界条件对汽车的底部流场有很大的影响,而对上部流场影响不大;不同的地面边界条件对汽车的气动升力和前轮的升力影响很大,对气动阻力和后轮升力影响较小;在汽车的外流场数值模拟中,采用移动地面条件可以提高数值模拟的精度．     

Frictional drag reduction with air lubricant over a super-water-repellent surface

This paper presents a new technique for reducing frictional drag using a super-water-repellent surface and air-injection (called an SWR & A technique). Its effectiveness was examined by carrying out pressure-loss measurements with a tube of rectangular cross section, along with resistance tests on a horizontal flat plate, a 7.2-m-long tanker model, and a 12-m-long high length-to-beam-ratio model ship. These test results showed that the new technique can significantly reduce the models' frictional drag; for example, the frictional resistance on the SWR surface was reduced by 80% at a speed of 4 m/s and 55% at 8 m/s. Received: October 16, 2000 / Accepted: December 4, 2000     

地铁屏蔽门渗漏风量的计算分析及应用

以广州地铁某典型地下岛式车站为例,采用 通风网络计算法,分析计算列车停站期间通过车站屏 蔽门( PSD) 的渗漏风量; 与实际测试结果进行分析对 比,验证计算结果的准确性。实践表明,通风网络计算 法可以用来计算屏蔽门的渗漏风量,能克服实测中测 试设备布置的不便及数值模拟中建模时间长、计算复 杂的弊端,是一种快捷、准确且满足工程精度要求的计 算方法,对地铁车站空调通风系统的设计及运营有重 要的指导意义。     

汽车发动机散热器特性仿真研究

针对常用的汽车发动机散热器,在大量试验和分析计算的基础上,建立散热器传热及阻力特性的数学模型,并在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境中建立其仿真模型。仿真结果与散热器试验数据基本一致,表明所建立的模型是可行的。     

跨既有铁路钢桁梁拖拉施工技术

山西中南部铁路通道采用96 m钢桁梁跨越京沪铁路,施工采用整体拼装后,采用钢梁前端不设置导梁,在两个主墩间增设临时支墩施工技术,完成拖拉施工。以此为例探讨了跨越既有铁路架设钢桁梁的施工技术。