Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.     

A substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail

Dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail smoothes dry friction damping provided by the primary suspension dampers of freight wagons and it should be taken into account in numerical simulations. But numerically the problem is non-smooth and this leads to long execution time during simulation, especially when the vehicle with friction dampers is modelled in the environment of an multi-body system simulation program, whose solver has to cope with many strong non-linearities. The other difficulty is the necessity of handling within the code a number of big volume files of recorded dither sampled with high frequency. To avoid these difficulties, a substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither is proposed that does not need application of dither during simulation, but it behaves as if dither were applied. Due to this property of the model, the excitation of the vehicle model by track irregularities may be supplied as low-frequency input, which allows fast execution and, the necessity of handling high-volume files of recorded dither is avoided. The substitute model is numerically effective. To identify parameters of the substitute model, a pre-processing employing a sample of the realistic dither is carried-out on a simple two-degrees-of-freedom system. The substitute model is anisotropic, describing anisotropic properties of the two-dimensional friction arising in the presence of one-dimensional dither. The model may be applied in other branches of engineering, for example, in mechatronics and robotics, where application of dither may improve the accuracy of positioning devices.     

城市道路抑尘剂的作用与应用简析

从城市道路颗粒物、扬尘来源、抑尘剂的角度,介绍颗粒物现状、扬尘来源、产品性能现状、感官、理化指标检测(PH值为7.12、亚硝酸盐氮0.000 059%、硝酸盐氮0.003 09%、氯化物0.094%)。PM2.5、PM10平均抑尘效率分别为95.8%和96.7%。从而,为城市道路抑尘技术的发展、推广、应用,积累经验,提供参考。     

蚌埠新港穿堤旱闸工程设计与施工

阐述蚌埠新港穿堤旱闸工程设计和施工要点,并对该工程方案比选、设计计算、施工质量控制方法等方面进行介绍。     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

预制节段钢纤维混凝土梁干接缝抗剪性能试验

预制节段混凝土梁的干接缝具有不连续性,是薄弱环节和重要部位,在设计和施工期间需要得到更多的重视。以接缝类型（整体式接缝和单键齿干接缝）、混凝土类型（C60混凝土和CF60钢纤维混凝土）、钢纤维掺量（40,60,80 kg·m^-3）和水平正应力（0.5,1.0,2.0 MPa）作为试验参数,对18个C60混凝土和CF60钢纤维混凝土试件进行直剪性能试验,记录试件开裂载荷、极限载荷和残余载荷,观察试件裂缝形态和破坏模式,研究规范化剪应力-垂直位移曲线以及载荷-水平位移关系,并将极限抗剪强度试验值与AASHTO 2003规范和其他设计公式计算值进行比较。应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对试验进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：极限剪切荷载模拟值与实测值吻合良好,模拟的键齿裂纹开展情况与试验吻合;使用钢纤维混凝土可提高整体试件和单键齿接缝的抗裂性、抗剪强度、残余载荷和规范化极限剪应力;钢纤维可以改善整体式和单键齿试件的变形能力,并且随着钢纤维掺量的增加,单键齿试件的开裂荷载、极限荷载和残余荷载也随之增大;AASHTO 2003规范和其他设计公式都低估了C60混凝土和CF60钢纤维混凝土单键齿干接缝试件的抗剪能力,公式偏安全,其中Alcalde公式预测值更吻合,Rombach公式预测最保守。     

聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石收缩性能

为了减小水泥稳定碎石的收缩, 研究了聚丙烯纤维对水泥稳定碎石收缩性能的影响, 分别用千分表支架法和应变片电测法对聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石和普通水泥稳定碎石的干缩性能和温缩性能进行了测试, 分析了材料的平均干缩系数和平均温缩系数随纤维掺量变化的规律。试验结果表明: 聚丙烯纤维的掺入可显著地减小水泥稳定碎石的平均干缩系数和平均温缩系数, 高龄期聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石的平均干缩系数比低龄期的小, 而高龄期的平均温缩系数却比低龄期的大; 在纤维体积掺量小于1‰的范围内, 随着纤维体积掺量的增加, 水泥稳定碎石平均干缩系数和平均温缩系数均逐渐减小。可见, 在一定的纤维掺量范围内, 聚丙烯纤维水泥稳定碎石具有良好的抗收缩性能, 应用于路面基层可提高路面的抗裂性能。     

粉喷桩加固软土地基筑堤现场试验研究

对徐济高速公路丰县二标粉喷桩加固地基,在筑堤期间对分层沉降、侧向位移、孔隙水压力等进行了分析,得出一些变化规律,并对设计和施工提出一些建议。     

水泥稳定碎石掺加粉煤灰应用研究

随着我国公路交通的迅速发展,水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石混合料以其优良的路用性能得到了较为广泛的应用。因此．就其实验方法、施工方法及注意问题进行研究,对更好地延长其使用寿命有着重要的意义。     

风积沙的工程力学性质试验研究

结合毛乌素沙漠沙样,对风积沙的工程力学性质进行了系统的试验研究。试验结果表明:风积沙的压实可采用常规的击实试验方法和振动密实法,压实效果受颗粒级配、含水量、荷载大小、振动频率及振幅等多种因素影响;风积沙的内摩擦角与压实度之间呈线性变化规律,颗粒级配是主要影响因素,含水量影响较小;风积沙的室内回弹模量和加州承载比与压实度之间大致呈非线性增大规律,在某一压实度区间增大的幅度非常小。