重型汽车荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力反应分析

基于结构动力学理论，视桥梁与车辆为一个相互作用的整体系统，建立了桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下振动的计算模式。在分析中，汽车采用2轴模型，桥梁结构模拟为梁单元，统一列出车桥系统的动力方程，编制了计算程序。对实际预应力混凝土简支箱梁桥在重型汽车作用下的动力冲击效应进行了计算，并与轻型汽车荷载作用下产生的动力冲击系数进行了比较。     

数值模拟在土钉支护公路边坡工程设计的应用

采用岩土工程分析软件，结合某公路边坡开挖的具体实例，对土钉支护进行数值模拟，对边坡开挖和土钉支护过程中的土体位移场、应力场及土钉的受力变化等进行了模拟与分析。结果表明计算值与实测值较为接近，建立的计算模型对土钉支护的受力变形分析是适用的。同时，在改变模型参数的基础上初步探讨了土钉长度、土钉倾角对边坡位移与土钉最大轴力的影响，得出了一些在土钉支护工程中可资应用的结论。     

采用不同方法处理山区高速公路软基的效果分析

以GZ40勉宁高速公路为例,采用抛石挤淤法、粉喷桩法、孔内深层强夯挤密法和冲填法对不同路段软基进行了处理,通过现场的静荷载试验和面波剖面测试对不同方法的处理效果进行了分析,同时对4种方法进行了社会经济效益评价。分析表明以上4种方法均可适用于山区公路软基处理,而其中孔内深层强夯挤密法处理效果较好,且具有施工方便、速度快、无污染、对周围环境影响小和工程造价低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。     

一种新的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法

根据Lemaitre应变等效假设,定义沥青混合料疲劳损伤参量,并在分析沥青混合料疲劳损伤过程的基础上,定义新的疲劳破坏标准。然后通过三分点小梁弯曲疲劳试验建立基于损伤理论的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法。重合性检验表明,该损伤疲劳模型与荷载控制模式无关,从而可以更合理的评价混合料疲劳性能。     

基于专家系统和证据理论的路面破损原因评价方法研究

路面破损原因评价是一项经验性很强的工作,通过采用专家系统技术,利用路面养护专家经验和知识形成产生式规则,并对单处路面破损原因进行评价。根据对单处路面破损原因的评价结果中也包含了导致整个路段路面破损主要原因的信息这一特点,介绍了引入证据理论将这方面信息提取出来,合成得出对整个路段的主要破损原因评价的方法。     

路堤荷载下管桩复合地基设计理论的试验研究

介绍了管桩复合地基在某高速公路软基试验工程中的应用,并简单分析了其加固效果,进而结合已有的研究成果,提出了一套路堤下刚性桩复合地基的设计理论。通过工程实践表明,该设计理论具有在工程实践中推广运用的价值。     

大直径钢管桩承载力恢复过程试验研究

针对目前预制桩承载力恢复特性研究与工程应用中的不足,依托西非某海工工程,提出高应变法。采用对同一钢管桩进行初打与不同休止时间复打相结合的试验方法,研究了大直径钢管桩沉桩后的承载力恢复过程。结合地质情况、沉桩与试验结果,得到了钢管桩承载力、侧阻力及端阻力随时间变化的一般规律及影响因素,并通过静载试验对研究结果进行了验证。该研究在提高项目施工效率、降低成本的同时,还得到了有意义的规律与结论,可为后续类似项目提供参考。     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

Closed-form multiclass cell transmission model enhanced with overtaking,lane-changing,and first-in first-out properties

A novel multiclass macroscopic model is proposed in this article. In order to enhance first-in, first-out property (FIFO) and transmission function in the multiclass traffic modeling, a new multiclass cell transmission model with FIFO property (herein called FM-CTM) is extended from its prior multiclass cell transmission model (M-CTM). Also, to enhance its analytical compactness and resultant computational convenience, FM-CTM is formulated in this paper as a set of closed-form matrix equations. The objective is to improve the accuracy of traffic state estimation by enforcing FIFO property when a fast vehicle cannot overtake a slow vehicle due to a limitation of a single-lane road. Moreover, the proposed model takes into account a different priority for vehicles of each class to move forward through congested road conditions, and that makes the flow calculation independent from their free-flow speeds. Some hypothetical and real-world freeway networks with a constant or varying number of lanes are selected to verify FM-CTM by comparing with M-CTM and the conventional CTM. Observed densities of VISSIM and real-world dataset of I-80 are selected to compare with the simulated densities from the three CTMs. The numerical results show that FM-CTM outperforms the other two models by 15% of accuracy measures in most cases. Therefore, the proposed model is expected to be well applicable to the road network with a mixed traffic and varying number of lanes.     

地下工程注浆技术研究新进展

注浆是土木、水利和矿山等工程建设中重要的防渗和加固技术。文章基于国内外注浆技术研究文献,总结了水泥等颗粒性浆液的“渗滤效应”及“黏度时空变异性”等理论研究成果,论述了非水反应高聚物、CW环氧树脂和微生物菌液等注浆新材料的应用现状及发展前景,介绍了细观力学数值模拟研究的突破性进展,可为地下工程注浆技术发展提供借鉴和启发作用。