瑞雷波技术在巨粒土路基检测中的应用研究

基于附加质量法,反演瑞雷波在巨粒土路基中传播的横波波速;根据横波波速和巨粒土路基强度间的相关性得到巨粒土路基的动态回弹模量,由此评价巨粒土路基的施工质量;将瑞雷波法测得回弹模量和FWD法、承载板法获得的结果比较,结果显示由瑞雷波法评价巨粒土路基的施工质量是可行的。     

高速铁路低矮路堤灰土桩复合地基的动力特性分析

利用有限元软件MIDAS/GTS,分别建立了灰土桩复合地基和未经处理的黄土地基上铁路路基的三维有限元模型,用轨道不平顺法模拟列车荷载,分析计算了在不同速度列车荷载作用下不同路堤高度下地基土中动应力的分布,得出了桩土应力比的变化规律和地基瞬时变形规律。     

吹砂填海铁路路基强夯加固试验研究

以广西钦州保税港区铁路支线为工程背景,对吹砂填海路基的强夯处理工艺和加固效果进行现场试验研究。结果表明:海底下卧淤泥层受自然沉降、砂体挤压和强夯垂直动应力多重影响,大部分淤泥被挤出,吹填砂体内孔隙水和气体被排出,土颗粒移动靠拢、土体压缩,土体固结效果好,承载力得到显著提高,大于设计要求180 kPa,加固效果满意。     

粘性土地基强夯地面变形的模型试验研究

根据相似原理,设计采用70 cm×70 cm×70 cm（长×宽×高）的模型箱,制备含水率为20 %的粘性土,通过3种不同的锤径以及施加3种不同的能量组合进行夯击试验,试验中观测了夯点的地面变形与夯坑深度,建立了夯坑深度与所取得的土质参数和施工参数间的相关方程,并用工程实例对拟合的方程进行验证。结果显示:该方程可用来推算现场强夯时的夯坑深度,还可推算场地平均夯沉量。     

列车作用下东巨寺沟铁路隧道围岩动力反应分析

东巨寺沟铁路隧道选取试验段中实施湿喷工艺喷射聚丙烯纤维混凝土,作为支护结构,并作永久性支护结构,免除二次衬砌;为研究该隧道在列车作用下的动力响应,从土－结构相互作用模型出发,采用粘－弹性人工边界条件,建立隧道支护结构－围岩相互作用的动力分析模型,采用时程积分法研究了列车荷载对铁路隧道围岩和支护结构的动力作用,分析了列车荷载作用下由于轨道不平顺引起的动力响应,并对该隧道围岩的稳定性进行了分析。分析结果表明:在列车动力作用下,隧道围岩和支护结构变形微小,处于稳定状态。     

Rice公式外推桥梁荷载效应

在当今,如何对桥梁进行合理评估已成为桥梁工作者的一个重要课题。而在桥梁评估过程中,科研工作者往往需要定量描述评估周期内某座桥梁的交通车辆荷载大小,一般用荷载效应描述。就此根据动态称重系统实测的107国道路段交通荷载数据产生的模拟车流对评估周期内荷载效应极值的计算方法进行了初步研究,以各种跨径简支梁为例,利用Rice外推理论外推各个观测周期的荷载效应极值,并以此作为建立评估荷载模型的基础。     

三跨无背索斜拉桥的动力特性分析

湖南路大桥主桥为一座斜塔无背索斜拉桥,跨径组合为30 m+92 m+30 m,全长152 m。建立该桥空间有限元动力分析模型,重点研究该桥的自振频率和振型特征。通过与一座同类型方案桥的对比,总结出该桥动力特性及结构体系的主要特点,为后续同类桥梁的设计和相关研究提供借鉴。     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

Stability enhancement and fuel economy of the 4-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles by optimal tyre force distribution

In this paper, vehicle stability control and fuel economy for a 4-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle are investigated. The integrated controller is designed within three layers. The first layer determines the total yaw moment and total lateral force made by using an optimal controller method to follow the desired dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The second layer determines optimum tyre force distribution in order to optimise tyre usage and find out how the tyres should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. In the third layer, the active steering, wheel slip, and electrical motor torque controllers are designed. In the front axle, internal combustion engine (ICE) is coupled to an electric motor (EM). The control strategy has to determine the power distribution between ICE and EM to minimise fuel consumption and allowing the vehicle to be charge sustaining. Finally, simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that the proposed structure could enhance the vehicle stability and fuel economy in different manoeuvres.     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.