Application of time-variant predictive control to modelling driver steering skill

The paper addresses the need for improved mathematical models of human steering control. A multiple-model structure for a driver's internal model of a nonlinear vehicle is proposed. The multiple-model structure potentially offers a straightforward way to represent a range of driver expertise. The internal model is combined with a model predictive steering controller. The controller generates a steering command through the minimisation of a cost function involving vehicle path error. A study of the controller performance during an aggressive, nonlinear steering manoeuvre is provided. Analysis of the controller performance reveals a reduction in the closed-loop controller bandwidth with increasing tyre saturation and fixed controller gains. A parameter study demonstrates that increasing the multiple-model density, increasing the weights on the path error, and increasing the controller knowledge range all improved the path following accuracy of the controller.     

动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验

为了研究动力湿化作用下渗流水在粗粒土高路堤内的迁移特性，自主研发设计制作一种室内喷洒降雨装置及车辆动力荷载模拟装置，开展动力湿化作用下粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验，从时间和空间2个角度描述渗流水在路堤内的迁移特性，然后根据模型试验结果，建立粗粒土渗流场时空演化机制，揭示动力湿化作用下的粗粒土高路堤边坡渐变失稳发育机理。研究结果表明：基于相似理论，开展粗粒土高路堤渗流场时空演化模型试验可以较为真实地反映粗粒土高路堤在动力湿化作用下渗流水的迁移特性；动力湿化作用下，湿润锋首先在路堤边坡表面形成，并逐渐从边坡表面向内部拓展，在坡顶处的拓展速率较小，坡脚处的拓展速率较大；受湿润锋演变规律的影响，路堤边坡监测点负孔隙水压力逐渐减小，体积含水率逐渐增大，坡前应力逐渐增加，位于坡脚浅层区域的应力增加速度较快；依据渗流水的迁移规律，将渗流影响范围内的土体自上而下分为浅层暂态饱和区、渗流水填充区及渗流水湿润区；在动力湿化作用下，粗粒土高路堤边坡将逐渐产生沿坡脚深层滑移的渐变趋势。     

起重机销轴式测力传感器的设计和应用

介绍了粘贴应变片和激光焊接应变片两种销轴式测力传感器,以及它们各自的优缺点。指出起重机销轴式测力传感器选用激光焊接薄膜应变片,能够收到高精度、高稳定性、好重复性的良好效果。     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

Multimodal,multiclass stochastic dynamic traffic assignment for evaluating information provision strategies

A multimodal, multiclass stochastic dynamic traffic assignment model was developed to evaluate pre‐trip and enroute travel information provision strategies. Three different information strategies were examined: user optimum [UO], system optimum [SO] and mixed optimum [MO]. These information provision strategies were analyzed based on the levels of traffic congestion and market penetration rate for the information equipment. Only two modes, bus and car, were used for evaluating and calculating the modal split ratio. Several scenarios were analyzed using day‐to‐day and within day dynamic models. From the results analyzed, it was found that when a traffic manager provides information for drivers using the UO strategy and drivers follow the provided information absolutely, the total travel time may increases over the case with no information. Such worsening occurs when drivers switch their routes and face traffic congestion on the alternative route. This phenomenon is the 'Braess Paradox'.     

某软弱路基冲压与强夯处理对比试验研究

在某大型公路工程的软弱地基处理中，分别进行了冲击压实处理和强夯处理的试验。在2种施工方法的工后检测中，分别对于密度、压缩模量、面层强度等指标进行了对比研究，并对2种方法的工效进行了比较。研究表明：对于这种地下水位埋藏浅、压缩模量和标准贯人击数较低的软弱地基，冲压处理的效果和工艺效益均要优于强夯处理。     

基于动态模量试验的沥青混合料老化性能研究

为研究沥青混合料老化过程中的动态特性,对在不同温度条件下经受不同频率的动荷载的沥青混合料在不同老化期的动态模量进行试验,分析温度和荷载频率对动态模量及相位角的影响,采用车辙因子对沥青混合料的高温稳定性进行评价,并根据时间温度等效原理建立了不同老化程度的动态模量主曲线。研究结果表明：老化沥青混合料的动态模量和相位角具有明显的温度和频率依赖性,老化使沥青混合料动态模量增大,相位角减小。动态模量主曲线研究结果表明老化使沥青混合料的动态模量在整个温度（或频率）范围内变化幅度减小。     

动态当量夹角在商用车产品开发中的应用研究

在商用车传动轴系统布置设计时，为避免因万向节传动输出轴与输入轴的转角差引起车辆异常振动，应使空载静止和满载静止工况下的传动轴当量夹角、最大夹角及角加速度幅值满足设计要求。研究表明，在某些工况下，仅校核空载静止和满载静止工况下的传动轴系统布置的相关参数，不能完全避免因传动轴系统布置设计引起的整车异常振动问题。因此分析了满载爬坡工况下动态当量夹角对整车异常振动的影响，表明了在进行商用车传动轴系统布置设计时，还需使满载爬坡工况下的动态当量夹角以满足设计要求。     

基于ComGIS的路面管理信息系统的设计

基于路面管理信息系统的需求分析，详细阐述了基于组件技术的路面管理系统的总体结构和功能模块，探讨了系统开发中涉及到的关键技术——动态分段技术和最短路径，提出了解决的方法，并在此基础上对数据库进行了设计。     

公路高边坡预应力锚索加固监测与分析

研究目的:对公路高边坡进行预应力锚固加固工程属隐蔽工程,关系到公路交通的安全.影响锚固效果的因素很多,对预应力锚固工程开展原位监测非常重要.研究结果:本文对锚索测力计的工作原理作了说明.对预应力锚索测力计在张拉过程中及锁定后锚固预应力的变化特征、损失作了分析,并以此说明锚索测力计在锚索施工及边坡监测中的作用.