矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

铁路高墩大跨度连续刚构桥抗震设计分析

为保证在罕遇地震下桥梁结构满足规范要求,以主跨120m的高墩大跨连续刚构桥——云南万拉木特大桥为例,运用MIDAS Civil建立连续刚构桥空间有限元模型,对其进行动力特性及罕遇地震作用下的非线性时程分析,并优化延性抗震设计。分析结果表明:桥梁振型以梁墩的横向振动为主,第1阶横向侧弯的自振周期为1.697s,全桥最大振幅出现在桥墩墩顶位置。在罕遇地震(50年超越概率为2%)作用下,中跨墩顶、底受力较大,均已进入屈服,但其弯矩均小于钢筋极限弯矩,桥梁满足"大震不倒"抗震性能目标。对塑性铰区进行优化,将墩底以上3m空心与实体分界位置处截面外层部分主筋弯折,形成最不利塑性铰区域;加强墩顶、底塑性铰区域横向约束钢筋布置,提高墩柱延性。     

高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统研制

为提高高速列车车轮优化设计过程中车轮强度评价的效率,开发了高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统.基于数据库的车轮设计参数,利用ANSYS二次开发技术在ANSYS环境中驱动车轮三维模型的自动重建,以期望的网格密度,完成车轮模型的网格划分,继而按照车轮强度评价标准规定的工况,自动生成相应的强度分析前处理模型.调用ANSYS求解器完成强度仿真分析,最后进行数据后处理得到评价结论.以某型动车组车轮为例,通过人工计算与本文自动计算的结果对比,验证所开发系统的可靠性.     

矿粉掺量对碎卵石混凝土性能的影响

通过试验测定四种水胶比下,不同矿粉掺量对碎卵石混凝土的强度、抗氯离子渗透性、抗冻性的影响.结果表明,随着水胶比的增大,掺加矿粉的碎卵石混凝土强度、抗氯离子渗透性及抗冻性均减弱.随着矿粉掺量的增加,碎卵石混凝土的7d强度不断降低,28d,56d和120d强度变化存在波动,20%为最佳矿粉掺量;抗氯离子渗透性得到明显改善;抗冻性有所降低,矿粉掺量越大,降低相对越快.     

<TPL-PCRUN> Statement of methods

TPL-PCRUN is a software program for the dynamic interaction simulation of pantograph–catenary systems. In the benchmark, based on the finite element method, the catenary model was built and the pantograph was considered as a three-level spring–damper–mass system. Then, through the contact definition between pantograph and catenary, the coupled model of the pantograph and catenary system was established. The respective dynamic equations of motions were solved by the time integration method. Thus, the simulation results were obtained and submitted for the comparison with the other software. On the other hand, a standard model from EN50318 was established and analysed by TPL-PCRUN. The simulation results by TPL-PCRUN were remarkably consistent with the reference values given by EN50318. It was proved that the results by TPL-PCRUN can be reliable. Recently, the software has been updated and improved. Some new models and algorithms are proposed, including the rigid–flexible hybrid pantograph model, contact definition considering appearance characteristics of the contact surfaces, a fluid–solid coupling algorithm of the pantograph and catenary system, etc.     

引气剂对硬化混凝土力学性能与气泡特征参数的影响

对比研究了烷基苯磺酸盐类与皂甙类引气剂对混凝土力学性能和硬化后含气量、气泡间距系数、孔径分布、气泡平均直径等气泡特征参数的影响。结果表明:当新拌混凝土含气量小于6.5%时,随着含气量的增大,混凝土的抗折强度基本不受影响,抗压强度显著降低,混凝土的折压比提高,脆性显著降低,韧性大幅提高;与新拌混凝土的含气量相比,硬化后混凝土的含气量大幅降低;随着混凝土含气量的逐渐增加,硬化后混凝土的气泡间距系数减小,气泡平均直径降低,气泡总数提高。另外,烷基苯磺酸盐类引气剂比皂甙类引气剂的稳泡性能更好,可使硬化后的混凝土气泡结构更优。     

准饱和土中单桩竖向荷载作用下的动力响应

根据Biot饱和多孔连续介质波动方程,基于Bardet对准饱和土的假设,提出了准饱和土二相介质波动方程;运用Helmholtz矢量分解和传递、透射矩阵法(TRM)推导出准饱和土中层状半空间受竖向荷载作用下的动力响应表达式;利用Muki虚拟桩法,在层状半空间建立了桩和准饱和土相互作用的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过离散的数值积分方法求解积分方程,讨论了准饱和土中单桩竖向动力响应问题.算例分析表明,准饱和土中桩顶竖向阻抗随饱和度的减少而增大,与饱和土地基相比,明显偏大;桩侧孔压随饱和度的减小而增大,并沿着桩长迅速衰减;桩顶位移幅值在频率较小时变化明显,饱和度越小,位移峰值越大,当频率较大时,饱和度的变化对振幅的影响不大.     

强夯联合井点降水加固粉土地基现场试验

为解决强夯加固黄河冲积平原区粉土地基时超孔隙水压力增长快消散慢、起锤困难及土壤严重液化等问题,提出采用强夯联合井点降水加固技术,以加快超孔隙水压力消散和土体固结.在济东高速公路粉土地基段进行了现场试验研究,采用了4种不同夯击能,观测、分析强夯过程中超孔隙水压力的变化规律和地面变形等,得出以下结论:选择1 500 kN·m单击夯击能更经济合理,其单位面积夯击能引起的地面沉降最大,有效加固深度亦最大;连续进行单点夯击时,表层土发生液化的可能性要大于深层土,临界深度约4m;夯后超孔隙水压力消散速率非常快,24 h后超孔隙水压力基本消散,且深度越浅超孔隙水压力消散越明显,井点降水能大幅缩短强夯的时间间隔,缩短工期.