大型飞机作用下跑道加铺层的结构响应

为了分析机场跑道加铺道面结构在大型飞机多轮荷载作用下的空间响应规律,明确分析模型的合理计算范围和边界条件,应用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了沥青混凝土加铺结构三维有限元模型.通过分析B747-400ER和A380-800等大型飞机多种轮载组合方式作用下的道面结构响应规律,以应力收敛为依据,确定了两种大型飞机的最不利荷载组合和分析模型规模:B747-400ER可采用后8轮组作为飞机最不利荷载组合,A380-800可采用3轴双轮6轮组作为飞机最不利荷载组合,道面结构模型平面尺寸应不小于15m×15m.     

深水平台上层模块海上吊装多浮体响应分析

海上吊装操作是平台海上安装作业中的重要一步,深海吊装操作面临着恶劣海况的考验。对于海上吊装操作过程中的多浮体相互干扰运动,采用了时域数值纽马克方法求解,选定JONSWAP风浪谱进行随机海况模拟。重点研究了不同浪向组合对多浮体运动响应的影响,提出安全作业浪向。在安全海况下进行了不同风速影响的研究,提出安全作业的风速范围。在安全作业海况下进行了吊装操作模拟,证实吊装操作能平稳进行,对海上吊装操作安全顺利进行具有重要意义。     

基于反馈线性化的船舶自动舵动态滑模控制

针对船舶自动舵的航向控制问题,结合高阶滑模和动态滑模控制的设计思想设计了一种船舶自动舵动态滑模控制器.首先设计出包含舵机特性的船舶航向控制仿射非线性系统模型,其次通过状态反馈的方法将原模型变为等价的完全可控型线性化系统,然后设计出动态滑模控制器.仿真结果表明,所设计的动态滑模控制器不仅能很好的自动跟踪设定的航向,而且能有效的抑制系统的抖振现象,达到设计目的,为研究船舶自动舵控制提供一种参考.     

新冠肺炎疫情下城市公共交通非常规防疫策略——以宁波市为例

在国家重大突发疫情面前，城市公共交通具有保障出行与阻断疫情的双重责任。面对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎（简称新冠肺炎，COVID-19）疫情，城市公共交通既要保证有效运输，又要降低疫情扩散的风险。地铁和常规公交是城市公共交通系统不可缺少的一部分，在城市公共交通中占据重要地位。针对宁波市城市公共交通系统中存在的防疫问题，提出了基于问题驱动的城市公共交通非常规防疫策略。研究结果表明：新冠肺炎疫情形势下，城市公共交通系统防疫需要启动应急响应机制，遵循分区分类防控的基本原则，在保障人们刚性出行需求的同时，必须阻断疫情传播，减少通过公共交通运输造成的交叉感染，实现疫情可防可控。除体温检测、佩戴口罩与洗手消毒等防疫措施之外，还应结合地方实际和风险评估等级采取非常规的组合防疫策略，即：①面向城市常规公交，建议采取网格化运营策略、需求响应式运营策略以及应急公交接驳策略；②面向城市轨道交通，建议采取3级组合防疫策略，即暂停运营策略、车厢隔离防疫策略以及需求响应式防疫策略。以上常规公交与轨道交通的多种组合防疫策略需根据疫情的发展情况动态调整，及时启动相应级别的公共交通应急预案，被动防御与主动防控相结合，积极发挥城市公共交通在疫情时期的交通骨干作用和应急保障作用。     

浅埋隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应分析

为研究隧道爆破作用下邻近框架结构的振动响应机制，以某5层框架结构住宅楼为例，借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立基于隧道爆破-围岩-框架结构的三维耦合数值计算模型，分析隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应。研究结果表明： 数值模拟清晰地展示了隧道爆破作用下围岩和框架结构应力场、位移场的变化情况，给出了爆破振动波从围岩至框架结构的传播过程。通过对比实测测点与数值模拟中对应测点的振动速度时程曲线和频率分布，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在隧道爆破作用下，邻近框架结构梁、柱以及外墙等构件的振动响应并不一致，随结构高度呈现出不同的变化规律。此外，应力集中现象主要发生在建筑物底层外墙、外墙与柱结合处、外墙与梁结合处以及外墙与楼板结合处等非承重部位，表明这些部位更易在隧道爆破过程中发生损伤开裂。     

Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

浮置板式轨道结构隔振效果仿真研究

建立列车—轨道结构耦合系统有限元模型,将轨道不平顺作为列车—轨道结构耦合系统的激励源,对普通碎石道床轨道结构和浮置板式轨道结构的列车—轨道结构耦合系统动力学性能进行仿真研究,对比分析这2种类型的轨道结构系统振动响应与系统振动传递函数,评价浮置板式轨道结构的隔振效果。分析结果表明,浮置板式轨道结构与普通碎石道床轨道结构相比,振动加速度降低约70%,距线路5 m处大地振动加速度响应峰值降低约62.8%,相应Z振级衰减约10 dB,竖向振动加速度频率范围由0~200 Hz降到0~60 Hz,有效起到了振动隔离效果。     

Elman递归神经网络在结构分析中的应用

给出了Elman动态递归神经网络的网络结构和基本原理。基于Elman递归神经网络能够逼近任意非线性函数的特点,提出了一种基于Elman递归神经网络建立结构分析模型的方法。利用Elman递归神经网络对桁架进行建模,真实地反映了桁架结构的动态特性。     

行波及相干效应对超千米跨度斜拉桥多维多点随机地震响应的影响

为了研究行波及相干效应对超千米跨度公铁两用斜拉桥地震响应的影响,基于通用有限元软件ANSYS,借助高效的虚拟激励法分别得到考虑两种效应的结构地震响应值,通过对比研究,结果表明:(1)仅考虑行波效应时,在视波速取500 m/s工况下,主梁纵向位移和竖向位移出现最大均方根值,行波效应对主梁纵向位移响应影响最为显著;(2)仅考虑相干效应时,主梁纵向位移和横向位移在部分相干工况下出现最大均方根值,主梁跨中横向位移的均方根值为0.274 m,较一致激励(完全相干)增大了126.4%;(3)两种效应对结构1号边墩、2号辅助墩和3号主塔的不同地震响应的影响程度存在较大差异,需具体响应具体分析。通过各具体工况下的结果对比,得出超大跨度斜拉桥地震响应分析考虑行波和相干效应十分必要的结论。