车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真

为了提高车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真的逼真度,采用迹线法计算了车轮踏面接触轮廓面,以平面方式表现轮轨动态接触关系,钢轨以梁的形式参与振动,通过实时建立具有一定垂向、横向和扭转振动形态的钢轨模型来模拟钢轨的振动行为。仿真结果表明,在保证优良的实时性的同时,可以清晰地观察轮轨接触点的变化情况,免去了在复杂的三维场景中变换视点的操作,使轮轨动态接触关系更简洁,通过实时创建钢轨模型,使钢轨振动行为的模拟更逼真。     

车辆动力学仿真中关键元件的建模

为了提高车辆动力学模型中非线性元件数学模型的模拟精度,分析了一、二维干摩擦副、三大件转向架的摩擦楔块和带串联刚度阻尼器的动力学性能,建立了非传统的数学模型,即不含速度状态变量的模型,并设计了对应的Simulink程序,用典型例题与传统模型的性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:非传统数学模型能克服强非线性带来的数值计算问题,提高了计算精度和计算效率,一般根据不同模型的规模和非线性元件数,计算速度能提高2~10倍。     

基于键图理论对安装EPS系统的车辆操纵稳定性的仿真分析

应用键图理论建立电动助力转向系统(EPS)的模型,将电动助力转向系统的键图模型和matlab的simulink仿真方框图相连接,并利用simulink的可视化功能实现汽车操纵稳定性的可视化仿真,仿真结果表明,将simulink仿真工具箱与键图模型相结合,可使汽车性能分析研究更为直观和简洁.     

不良天气对交通信号配时的影响分析

天气条件是道路交通运营的重要影响因素之一.从理论上分析不良天气对信号配时的影响,然后运用SYNCHR0和SIMTRAFFIC仿真软件,对正常和不良天气两种条件下的交叉口信号配时进行配时优化和微观交通仿真,研究表明:不良天气对交叉口信号配时的绩效将产生明显的负面影响,针对不良天气专门制定的配时优化方案将改善交通状况、减少延误和提高车速,但是改善程度还与许多因素有关.     

车辆离散特性研究及仿真

针对目前有关分车道行驶的方案,对不同车辆行驶速度特征进行的研究,以及对不分车道行驶和分车道行驶两种情况下的车辆运行状况进行的有效仿真,可为当前公交优先通行提供较好的理论基础.     

船舶电网频率实时检测仿真研究

针对电力推进船舶电网频率的实时精确检测,阐述了基于二阶直接型IIR数字陷波器的基本原理,基于LMP(p=3)自适应算法建立了在跟踪陷波器参数基础上的船舶电网频率实时检测模型,并分别在电网频率不变、频率发生阶跃变化以及频率线性变化的不同情况下进行了基于Simulink的仿真研究。仿真结果验证了提出的频率检测方法的实时性和精确性。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

车辆动力性能评价仿真系统设计

运用LabVIEW图形化编程软件,通过结构化设计及模块化编程,设计出车辆动力性能评价仿真系统.该仿真系统考虑了多种参数对车辆动力性能的影响,并且能够处理Excel扭矩数据表格和生成Word报表文档,使用方便,仿真结果准确性较高.利用此仿真结果可进一步优化车辆的结构参数,从而提高车辆的动力性能.