Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

汉江大道（常青路—建设大道）设计要点分析

随着城市化进程的加快,城市道路在建设过程中,不可避免地面临各种复杂的边界条件和限制因素,系统地分析各种限制因素对工程设计方案的影响,并合理优化设计方案显得尤为重要。结合武汉市汉江大道（常青路—建设大道）工程,通过对该工程边界条件和限制因素等设计要点的分析,针对长距离大宽度的生态景观带与城市高架的有机融合,以及军事管理区用地涉密受限段的城市高架桥断面布置等提出相应设计对策,以便对以后一些类似工程起到借鉴和参考的作用。     

治理沙河——造就优美的城市生态环境

本文主要阐述河道治理的重要性、遵循的自然法则、整治的特点及将达到的效果     

谈公路景观建设中的节约观

分析了当前公路景观建设中的一些浪费现象,进而从建设节约型社会、实现可持续发展的观点出发,提出节约型公路景观的概念及节约型公路的基本条件。公路景观建设应该回归自然,崇尚节约;节约型公路景观设计应遵循某些具体原则。     

城市化过程中区域水环境管理响应探讨

城市化发展导致人口膨胀和规模扩张,对区域地理环境改变产生深远影响,对水环境造成十分大的压力。该文对城市化进程中所产生的水环境问题进行了分析,认为水面率减少、河网水系结构破坏以及水质恶化等问题已成为影响生态城市建设和可持续发展的主要限制因子。该文在剖析水环境管理现状及存在问题的基础上,探讨了水环境管理的城市化响应,为城市化初期的水环境管理提供一定借鉴。     

资本主义批判:生态社会主义的新视野

生态社会主义以绿色意识形态为理论支点,对当代人类社会面临的生态问题进行了深刻的理论反思,对资本主义生产方式及其异化消费以及生态殖民扩张所造成的生态灾难进行了激烈的批判,并主张建立一个以共同所有制为基础的人与自然和谐相处的绿色的社会主义社会。生态社会主义以其特有的理论触角开拓了资本主义批判的新视野。     

关于生态环境及其维护的研究

我国生态环境被破坏和污染的程度已是十分严重．要维护我国的生态环境,必须发展规模经济、循环经济,使有限的资源在不断循环中得到合理和持续的利用．在对外开放中要变“招商引资”为“招商选资”,从数量型利用外商投资转向质量型利用外商投资．     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.     

岩质边坡植被抗冲刷现场试验研究

阐述了岩质边坡生态防护植被现场抗冲刷试验的试验目的,详细介绍了其试验方案及现场试验方法。通过对试验区草种生长情况的评判,对试验区草种抗冲刷能力的测试,对适宜广西寨任路边坡防护的草种进行了比选,对不同草种抗冲刷能力进行了探讨。通过对试验数据的分析,得到了不同草种在不同降雨强度下与边坡冲刷的关系,为岩质边坡生态防护植被的选择提供了依据。     

生态声屏障方案研究及应用

介绍了4种生态声屏障方案形式及它们的优缺点，对它们的降噪、费用、占地、环境4个指标进行了研究分析，并用权数法评选出它们之间的最佳方案，该方案在衡枣高速公路得到了具体应用。