Demandeur pays: The EU and funding improvements in South Asian ship recycling practices

Questionable practices for dismantling end-of-life ships or ‘ship recycling’ on South Asian countries’ shores have elicited unease given their dominance of this unevenly regulated global industry. International efforts to establish enforceable regulations have met with limited success so far, and yet this limited success may be further eroded as different interests promote their own preferred arrangements—or ignore them altogether. This paper focuses on narrowing differences between the European Union and South Asian ship recycling nations over regulating this trade by sequentially detailing its economic rationales, environmental regimes and relevant sustainability principles. These tasks performed, I deductively build a case for an aid-based, ‘demandeur pays’ approach to meaningfully address this impasse after considering other options to fund improved ship recycling practices in South Asia.     

CBTC系统在西安地铁2号线的应用探析

本文介绍了CBTC移动闭塞系统的控制原理和西安地铁2号线CBTC系统的组成,并着重从系统能力、系统实用性和系统运营维护3个方面进行了应用效果的分析.     

不同类型防反射裂缝措施的现场应用效果与分析

依托广东汕梅高速公路水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺工程,进行了各种防反射裂缝措施的试验路施工,并对其应用效果进行监测和分析.     

交-直-交传动内燃机车的技术经济效果

文章阐明了交—直—交传动内燃机车优越的技术性能和经济效果。并对东风_4内燃机车改为交—直—交传动后的经济性进行了估算,结果表明,交—直—交传动内燃机车经济效果显著,仅节油一项,就可在5年内将比交—直传动内燃机车增加的成本全部回收。     

Using OMP analysis to observe temporal variability in water mass distribution

Previous optimum multiparameter analyses have investigated spatial distribution of water masses and reported successful results. This study tests the method further with application to a time series to examine temporal variability in water mass distribution. Observations collected from the Sargasso Sea are utilised, mainly to detect well-documented property changes that have occurred in Labrador Sea Water, but also possible fluctuations in water mass contributions as a whole.The results show much structure and variability in the contributions of Central Water and upper deep waters in the depth range 900–2000 m. It is proposed that the passage of warm and cold core eddies is indicated by these changes in relative contributions of water masses, although quantitative comparison of satellite altimetry data with the model results is not conclusive.Significant irregularities in the distribution of Labrador Sea Water are also revealed by the model. Through-flow of modified (since the early 1990s) Labrador Sea Water is denoted in the results by an apparent absence from mid-1995 to early 1998. This suggests a transit time of 5–6 years between the Labrador Sea and Bermuda, which is consistent with observational findings described in the literature.     

浅析国内内燃机车辅助系统的发展方向

分析了国内内燃机车辅助系统在今后几年的发展方向 ,着重阐明了国内内燃机车辅助系统在适应第四代内燃机车和我国不同地区差异极大的自然环境的要求方面应解决的问题。     

深圳地区软粘土变形参数研究

根据深圳地区15个软土处理工点的4000多组试验数据,对软土的物理指标和变形指标进行统计分析。结果表明:压缩系数、变形模量和压缩指数的变异系数很大,其算术平均值的误差较大,不宜直接用于工程计算;含水量的变异系数很小,且与压缩参数有良好的相关性,可以较好地推算软土变形参数。因此,建议在实际工程中,如果没有软土的变形实验数据,可以直接根据软土的含水量进行估算;对于有实验数据的情况,将实验得到的变形参数和根据土样含水量估算的变形参数进行比较,剔除与估算参数相差较大的试验数据,将余下的数据取平均作为所需要的变形参数。     

基于跑车试验的新欣南大桥冲击系数研究

基于冲击系数的不确定性，采用移动跑车试验方法得到桥梁最不利荷载位置处的动、静挠度值，结合新欣南大桥汽车冲击系数，对其进行相应的理论分析比较，得到以下结论：随着车速的增加，汽车冲击系数有先增大后减小的趋势，并在一定车速下取得最大值。而各国相关规范中冲击系数的计算值与实测值差距很大，实测冲击系数随着车速的变化会有一定的差别，各国规范并没有反映出其变化规律，因此需要依据大量的移动荷载试验展开研究。     

钢-高强混凝土组合梁收缩的计算分析

对简支和连续组合梁,按照全截面法基于有效模量比计算收缩徐变所退化的混凝土翼板面积和惯性矩,推导了各种收缩效应的计算公式。对比欧洲混凝土模式规范的新旧模型,结果表明:在简支梁的收缩自应力和挠度上,高强和普通混凝土几乎相同;在连续梁的收缩次弯矩上,高强略小于普通混凝土;按照MC1990收缩徐变模型将显著低估这些收缩效应,由此低估钢筋用量将可能引起混凝土开裂等结构的使用和安全问题。     

行波及相干效应对超千米跨度斜拉桥多维多点随机地震响应的影响

为了研究行波及相干效应对超千米跨度公铁两用斜拉桥地震响应的影响,基于通用有限元软件ANSYS,借助高效的虚拟激励法分别得到考虑两种效应的结构地震响应值,通过对比研究,结果表明:(1)仅考虑行波效应时,在视波速取500 m/s工况下,主梁纵向位移和竖向位移出现最大均方根值,行波效应对主梁纵向位移响应影响最为显著;(2)仅考虑相干效应时,主梁纵向位移和横向位移在部分相干工况下出现最大均方根值,主梁跨中横向位移的均方根值为0.274 m,较一致激励(完全相干)增大了126.4%;(3)两种效应对结构1号边墩、2号辅助墩和3号主塔的不同地震响应的影响程度存在较大差异,需具体响应具体分析。通过各具体工况下的结果对比,得出超大跨度斜拉桥地震响应分析考虑行波和相干效应十分必要的结论。