三维刚架系统分解优化研究

介绍了分解优化法的发展及三刚架系统的分解优化研究,同时也介绍了该法的解耦理论及程序,算法的正确性及有效性通过二个算例得到了验证。优化结果表明,无论初始设计是否可行,均可获得满意的结果且迭代迅速、收敛平稳。     

两列车在隧道中交会期间的压力瞬变的数值计算

以一维可压缩不稳定等熵流理论为基础提出了一个种适用范围较为广泛的计算会车期间压力瞬变的方法。建立了模拟会车期间流动的边界条件方程,提出了一种新的跟踪列车运动的网格系统。通过与实测的会一期间压力瞬变曲线对比,验证了本文中提出了的方法。并对会车期间的压力瞬变的特征进行了讨论和分析。     

疲劳裂纹扩展双参数统一方法中门槛值的确定

疲劳裂纹扩展双参数统一方法是由Sadananda和Vasudevan提出的,并认为,疲劳裂纹的扩展是在两个驱动力Kmax和△K共同作用下发生的,因此,裂纹的扩展存在两个门槛值Kmax,th和△Kth与这两个驱动力相对应。为了使裂纹扩展,必须同时满足两个门槛值(Kmax,th;△Kth)的条件。从理论上来说,门槛值可以通过试验来测定,但由于试验测定门槛值存在较多困难。文章基于作者们在PRADS2007会议上提出的双参数裂纹扩展率的一般表达式,给出根据疲劳试验数据确定门槛值的方法,和试验数据相比,吻合较好。     

经验模式能量在脉动信号分析中的应用(英文)

After an aerial object enters the water, physical changes to sounds in the water caused by the accompanying bubbles are quite complex. As a result, traditional signal analyzing methods cannot identify the real physical object. In view of this situation, a novel method for analyzing the sounds caused by an aerial object’s entry into water was proposed. This method analyzes the vibrational mode of the bubbles by using empitical mode decomposition. Experimental results showed that this method can efficiently remove noise and extract the broadband pulse signal and low-frequency fluctuating signal, producing an accurate resolution of entry time and frequency. This shows the improved performance of the proposed method.     

钢夹层板数值模拟技术(英文)

Sandwich plate systems (SPS) are advanced materials that have begun to receive extensive attention in naval architecture and ocean engineering. At present, according to the rules of classification societies, a mixture of shell and solid elements are required to simulate an SPS. Based on the principle of stiffness decomposition, a new numerical simulation method for shell elements was proposed. In accordance with the principle of stiffness decomposition, the total stiffness can be decomposed into the bending stiffness and shear stiffness. Displacement and stress response related to bending stiffness was calculated with the laminated shell element. Displacement and stress response due to shear was calculated by use of a computational code write by FORTRAN language. Then the total displacement and stress response for the SPS was obtained by adding together these two parts of total displacement and stress. Finally, a rectangular SPS plate and a double-bottom structure were used for a simulation. The results show that the deflection simulated by the elements proposed in the paper is larger than the same simulated by solid elements and the analytical solution according to Hoff theory and approximate to the same simulated by the mixture of shell-solid elements, and the stress simulated by the elements proposed in the paper is approximate to the other simulating methods. So compared with calculations based on a mixture of shell and solid elements, the numerical simulation method given in the paper is more efficient and easier to do.     

Securing public values in public transport projects: Four Dutch cases on innovation

Public transport projects, like its operations, most often have a substantial dependence on public funding. The rationale behind the public contribution is that governments on different levels want to secure certain public values by supporting public transport, e.g., mobility, accessibility, sustainability, social inclusion. These are all public values that public transport, projects and operations are expected to support. Evaluations show that the outcomes of the projects are often different than expected. The goal of the research described here was to understand what happens to the public values during the process of project realisation. Four Dutch projects were researched: ZuidTangent (a bus rapid transit project near Schiphol); ParkShuttle (a people mover near Rotterdam); Phileas (guided bus rapid transit near Eindhoven); and RandstadRail (a light rail conversion near The Hague). All the projects were initiated with innovation as one of the key elements/values. Moving away from the traditional ante-post analysis, we saw patterns in the way in which public values shift during the project. First, the projects under study show how too much focus on innovation can harm the project. Second, we see crowding out of values; high ambitions of key values during the early phases of the project lead to neglect of values which were not key to the project. Third, although more innovation was a key reason to introduce competition in the governance of Dutch public transport, it became apparent that introducing competition has complicated execution of these innovative projects significantly.     

鹤大公路草炭土工程地质特性研究

草炭土是喜湿性植物群落在沼泽化环境中经过长期的自然地质作用沉积在一起,由于有机质得不到充分分解而不断积累的泥炭化过程所形成的。为了深入研究草炭土的工程地质特性,以吉林东部草炭土为研究对象,在室内试验的基础上分析总结了草炭土的特殊工程地质性质。研究表明草炭土具有高天然孔隙比、高含水率、高压缩性和低抗剪强度等性质。指出草炭土与普通泥炭土的区别,并在此基础上提出地基处理措施,为建筑施工提供科学依据和合理建议。     

船舶机械振动源激励力的间接估计工程方法

船舶机械设备输出到船体上的激励力对船舶结构振动预报有着重要意义,文章讨论了两种间接估算激励力的方法,目的是希望在工程现场应用这些工程方法取代激励力的直接测量.对刚性安装的机器推荐采用最小二乘方法,该方法是基于支撑结构的加速度导纳特性进行估算.对弹性安装的机器而言,推荐采用基于隔振器阻抗特性的激励力间接估算方法.力的估算是逆问题,文中采用奇异值分解技术来处理会遇到的病态问题,从而尽量降低估算误差.文中还对估算的准确度、估算质量评价等进行了讨论.条件数的倒数在最小二乘法响应点的选取时可作为优选的先验判据,归一化残差可作为估算质量的后验判据.实验证明了间接估算方法是确定船舶机械激励力的恰当选择,实验结果的最小二乘法相对误差为3分贝.测试中的信噪比被认为在力估算过程中有重要影响,低信噪比很可能是实际测试时的首要误差来源.该文也可用于指导船舶振动源特性描述的研究.     

环境激励下钢筋混凝土拱桥模态参数识别

为正确选择模态参数识别方法,对某钢筋混凝土拱桥进行了环境振动试验,采用频域、时域和时频分析方法——峰值拾取法(PP)、随机子空间识别(SSI)以及基于经验模态分解(EMD)和随机减量技术(RDT)的方法——识别其模态参数;比较了3种模态参数识别方法的特点和识别结果,并与有限元法计算结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:峰值拾取法的识别速度快,识别的频率较可靠,但识别过程需要较多人工干预;随机子空间识别的理论体系完备,适合程序实现,识别过程能较好地抵消测试过程中噪声等的影响;由于模态混叠的影响,EMD-RDT识别结果具有一定随机性.     

Formation of nanometer coherent structures during spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys

The nanometer coherent structure evolution of spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys is investigated by the microscopic phase field kinetic model. The results show that the concentration and long-range order parameters all continuously change towards to their equilibrium values during phase transformation. With the increase of elastic interaction energy, the anisotropy along [01] or [10] elastic soft direction is more obvious and the time reaching equilibrium state is also shortened. According to the results, the formation of nanometer coherent structures during phase transformation is composed of the initial decreasing stage of order degree stage, the incubation stage, the continuous increasing stage of concentration order parameter and long-range order parameter, and the later stable stage. The spinodal decomposition and ordering is interaction; the initial ordering stage is a necessary condition of the coexistence phase transformation. The nanometer coherent structures are not found to grow during the whole phase transformation. The simulation results are in accordance with the results in experiment obtained by the aging treatment in Fe-24Al alloys.