带功率因数补偿的单相半控桥整流器(二)

介绍了绘制正弦线电流的开关模式单相半控桥整流器,用它来获得功率因数补偿并保持直流环节电压的恒定.在该整流器中使用4个有源开关,以便在交流端电压上产生单极脉宽调制(PWM)电压波形.与中性点箝位变流器(NPC)相比,该整流器没有箝位二极管也能实现三点式PWM控制.控制电路采用两个控制回路:外部控制回路用比例积分电压控制器调整直流环节电压,采用相位闭环电路产生与电源电压同相的正弦波形来实现功率因数补偿.在内部控制回路中,用基于载波的电流控制器跟踪线电流信号.为补偿由于负载变化所引起的中点电压,控制电路采用中点电压补偿器.该整流器的交流侧可产生3个电压电平,并用计算机仿真与试验结果验证了控制算法的有效性.     

船闸弧形门门下输水试验研究

本文提出弧形门门下输水不同边界的流量系数和输水水力计算的α值。可供船闸设计规范及输水水力计算参考应用。     

用于直流电动转辙机的高频开关电源设计

针对目前工频直流电动转辙机电源，提出一种利用高频开关电源技术研制的新型开关电源。该电源采用双管双正激变换技术、功率因数校正技术（PFC），实现了大功率高电压输出。详细论述了该电源模块的组成和工作原理。实际使用证明，该电源完全可以替代目前的工频电源。     

影响集装箱码头作业区检查桥效率的几个问题

基于集装箱码头作业区的生产特性,详细论述了海关、闸口信息采集、闸口停时、堆场、交通设施和查验场地等环节对检查桥效率的影响。     

新型多模式高速无线多媒体数传技术的研究

为解决铁路高速无线数传的安全与可靠性,研制和试用对数据、话音、图像多业务信息适配、汇接与同传的软硬平台。采用非线性码MM高密度密钥,实现"加密与纠错兼容一体化",达到破译复杂度为O(2104),纠错能力为检4纠3,正确解密概率达0 999999988,数据信息传输速率高达3Mbps～22Mbps时传输误码率优于10-10,重传率为0。为实现多模式无线数传,研制出多速率、多路、多媒体复用器,具有低速异步及高、低速同步与多速率数传功能,同步时间小于1s,开机同步可靠率达99%,设有动态图像、数据、话音、文本等四路通道,具有自适应多模式信息组合数据通道,使数字系统可实现同一平台多作业信息复用传输。数传网络接口可支持OS/2与Windows两种操作系统相互平滑转换,开发出多点互联控制软件,实现局部网随机接入。设计出"线状"、"链状"、"面状"、"点 面混合"及"树状"五种信息网型,满足铁路运输信息化及应用多媒体数据2km～120km的传输需求。     

考虑浅水影响的航速测量不确定度分析

受实船试航水域水深的影响,对于深吃水的大型船舶航速测量结果必须采用适当的方法进行航速的浅水修正.本文采用GUM测量不确定度分析方法,以某大型油轮为例,对考虑浅水影响的航速测量进行了不确定度分析.     

SS7型客货运电力机车（4）──电气线路

着重介绍了ＳＳ７型电力机车主电路结构、原理和特点，并简述了辅助电路及控制电路的特点．该型机车是我国目前交一直传动机车中应用新技术最多的一种。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

新能源清洁汽车--中国创建自主品牌汽车的历史性机遇

根据我国能源、环保等客观形势,发展新型能源清洁汽车不仅是必要的,而且也是我国创建完全自主品牌汽车的一次难得的历史性机遇。就如何大力发展中国自主新型能源清洁汽车提出了若干对策和建议。     

功率因数补偿式绕线异步电机串级调速方法研究

本文提出了一种新的绕线式异步电机串级调速方法,该方法利用电流型PWM整流器,在实现电机调速的同时对电机的功率因数进行补偿,使电机调速系统具有纯电阻特性,并具有效率高、功率因数接近1.0、成本低等特点。实验证明了该方法的可行性。