船舶碰撞力和能量吸收

本文介绍了船舶碰撞过程的力学机理,给出了三维碰撞动力分析基本方程和方程的求解,以实例显示了船舶碰撞时碰撞力和能量的变化过程。最后还讨论了碰撞保护结构设计的原则。     

大跨径预应力混凝土连续刚构桥应力监控研究分析

分析阐述应力监控对安全进行大跨径预应力钢混凝土连续刚构桥施工的重要意义,分析了振弦应力测试的误差主要来源,提出减少误差的方法。应用桥梁结构分析程序BRCAD对结构应力进行仿真分析,比较分析控制截面应力实测值和理论计算值,测试结果表明应力实测值与理论计算值能较好的吻合。在施工过程中,控制截面实测的最大应力值小于规范的允许值,施工过程安全。     

双层反翘滑坡渐进破坏力学模型及失稳判据研究

以襄十高速公路韩家垭滑坡为背景，对滑坡的“双层蠕滑-反翘变形-弯曲折断一坡体滑移”的渐进破坏机理进行了深入分析，通过将滑坡前缘陡倾顺层结构变粒岩层概化为滑床部位锁固而其余边界自由的多层矩形薄板结构，滑坡的反翘弯曲破坏问题视为在纵、横向荷载作用下，多层矩形薄板的屈曲-弯曲变形以及变形到一定程度时岩层板的断裂破坏问题，基于Rayleigh-Ritz能量变分原理，建立了滑坡的渐进破坏力学模型，提出了滑坡的稳定性判据及滑坡整体启动滑动面抗剪强度阀值。最后，根据模型试验的加载参数及渐进破坏力学模型对滑坡的稳定性及抗剪强度阀值进行了计算分析，其结果与模型试验的测试结果相符，表明所建立的力学模型是合理可行的。     

公路钢护栏锌铝镁防腐层主要性能指标及其测试方法

从经济、环保、节约能源等多角度出发,介绍了使用预镀锌铝镁防腐层作为公路交通工程钢护栏新的防腐方法,对锌铝镁防腐层的定义、防腐原理、涂层生产工艺、涂层特点、涂层适用范围等进行了说明,并介绍分析了公路钢护栏锌铝镁防腐层的外观质量、防腐层厚度、防腐层均匀性、防腐层附着性、防腐层耐盐雾腐蚀性等主要性能指标及其测试方法,对比分析了热镀锌钢护栏和预镀锌铝镁防腐层钢护栏的循环盐雾试验结果,最后介绍分析了预镀锌铝镁钢护栏带来的社会经济效益。     

拱肋施工偏差对斜靠式拱桥力学性能的影响

采用MIDAS/Civil软件建立某斜靠式拱桥空间有限元计算模型,通过改变内外拱肋的倾角来考虑拱肋施工可能出现的偏差,分10种工况计算该桥在恒载和恒载 活载作用下的桥梁稳定系数和拱肋位移。计算结果表明,改变内外拱肋间的倾角对该桥稳定性系数影响较小,但对拱肋位移的影响较大。随着内拱肋的倾角由外向内改变,拱肋顶部横向位移逐渐加大,特别是当内拱肋偏过竖直位置向内倾时,拱肋顶部横向位移增幅显著。     

蒙脱土改性沥青混合料低温抗裂性能研究

将蒙脱土掺配在沥青混凝土中,可以改善沥青混合料的物理力学性能,提高路面工程质量。为了确保蒙脱土改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能,就必须用试验方法来评定它在低温下的性能。通过两种武汉市售蒙脱土和实验室纯化蒙脱土,采用压缩应变能、弯曲应变能的方法,进行蒙脱土改性沥青低温性能研究。通过室内试验,证明蒙脱土改性沥青混合料能够有效改善低温抗裂性能。     

Guidelines for samplers: measuring a change in behaviour from before and after surveys

This paper addresses the issue of using before and after surveys to evaluate behavioural changes in response to transport policies and investments, a procedure that, we argue is done far too rarely in this profession. Further, it demonstrates very clearly that, in almost all conceivable cases, there are considerable economies to be obtained by using a panel (again, under-utilised in our profession) to undertake evaluation, rather than successive independent cross-sectional surveys. The paper also addresses the critical issue of sample size requirements for measuring changes of a relatively small magnitude in travel behaviour; i.e., to state, with 95% confidence, that if there is a ∂ percent change in behaviour for the sample, there is a ∂ percent ± e percent change in the behaviour of the population, where e is the sampling error. In this paper, we present a method for calculating such sample size requirements from first principles and demonstrate the applicability both hypothetically and then empirically using data from the Puget Sound Transportation Panel. The formulation enables designers of before and after surveys to investigate the trade-offs between the statistical accuracy of their predictions and the sample size requirements systematically, without the need to specify ∂ a priori. This latter point is crucial, we argue, because we have limited information on ∂, yet, as we explain here, it drives the sample size requirements using alternative, well-cited approaches for calculating sample sizes to assess behavioural change. The results have important ramifications both for those implementing transport policies intended to produce behavioural change, especially when a cost-benefit evaluation of the policy is desired, and for those interpreting the results reported in previous studies.     

Study on fast calibration of a ULA＇s gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA＇s gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.     

二次扩展复数旋转码及其对偶码

扩展复数旋转的基础上,提出了二次扩展复数旋转码及其对偶码的概念。就它们的特性作了初步的讨论,并给出了它们的生成矩阵的构造方式及主要参数。经过与扩展复数旋转码和其对偶码相比较,可以看出它们也是一类码率高、纠错能力强的差错控制码。     

大阻力配水系统的水头变化问题探讨

从沿途泄流管道的能能分配出发,对其作用水头的确定进行了分析,并对大阻力配水系统的水头变化进行了探讨,结果表明,对沿途均匀泄流管道来说,其作用水头不能仅以压头为计算依据,而应以总水头为准,正是由于这一差异,使文献[1]、[2]对大阻力配水系统的水头变化及孔口出流量大小的结论是错误的,并指出了导致错误的原因。