内河航道LNG动力船冷能综合梯级利用设计及分析

针对内河航道LNG动力船发电、冷库和空调需求,对于LNG在气化过程进行冷能梯级利用方案设计,并进行能量分析和[火用]分析.研究结果表明,与直接在环境中气化相比,采用LNG冷能回收,并应用于冷能发电系统、船舶冷库系统、船舶空调系统和缸套冷却水系统,实现了LNG动力船冷能梯级利用.在冷能利用过程中,冷能发电和船舶冷库回收的冷能较大,冷能发电系统[火用]值较高,可有效调节船舶冷库的冷量.     

基于案例的城市轨道交通车站能耗定额标准研究

车站能耗定额标准是城市轨道交通能耗评价和节能工作的重要基础.本文从我国城市轨道交通发展对能耗的需求出发,分析城市轨道交通系统能耗的构成;以北京市轨道交通部分车站为例,分析不同类型车站的设备能耗构成,特点和建筑面积,日客流量,敷设方式,出入口数量等因素对能耗的影响;基于能耗定额评价方法,提出包含基本、奢侈性、舒适性能耗定额水平的车站能耗定额标准;基于不同类型车站,探讨非空调季和空调季的车站能耗定额标准的差异,从达到能耗目标角度提出相应的节能策略.     

不同坝型丁坝坝体周围水流紊动特性试验研究*

通过水槽试验,结合理论分析,研究丁坝附近水流紊动强度沿水流方向、水深方向和横向的分布规律。绘制5种不同坝体结构形式其周围水流脉动动能和紊动强度的分布等值线图并分析分布规律,进一步探讨不同坝体挑角对丁坝附近水流紊动强度和脉动动能的影响。     

统计能量法在船舶舱室噪声预报中的应用

详细介绍了统计能量法并结合某船模型以统计能量法进行舱室噪声预报及改进设计研究。在某段舱室内分别以加减震器与不加减震器2种工况下噪声的计算结果与统计能量法得出的计算结果进行分析对比,充分验证了统计能量法的预报可行性,得出结论:统计能量分析法可以有效地预报船舶舱室的高频噪声,可以对局部设计的更改和局部减震装置的施加进行有效的仿真,适用设计阶段船舶舱室噪声的预报和结构声学优化计算。本文所得数据也可为今后船舶设计开发提供相关参考依据。     

基于电功率的HEV动力电池能量的监控方法

针对目前用于混合动力电动汽车动力电池能量管理的荷电状态法存在的“定义与结果难相一致”的问题,针对基于电功率的混合动力汽车动力电池能量的动态监控方法,建立了相应的数学模型,利用计算机仿真分析和实验来验证该方法的可行性和实用性。     

New Maintenance Strategies for Generating Companies in Power Market

A new approach to maintenance scheduling of generating units(MSU)in competitive electricity markets was presented,which was formulated as a noncooperative game with complete information.The payoff of each generating company(Genco)was defined as the profit from the energy auction market minus maintenance cost and risk loss.The compensation fee of interruptible load was a part of the maintenance cost when the permitted maintenance capacity in the system was insufficient.Hourly energy auction was incorporated in the computation of both revenues from energy market and risk loss of maintenance strategy as a nested game.A new heuristic search algorithm for the calculation of the game equilibrium of MSU was presented,which coordinates the solutions of non-equilibrium,unique equilibrium and multiple equilibria.Numerical results for a two-Genco system and a realistic system were used to demonstrate the basic ideas and the applicability of the proposed method,as well as its computational efficiency.     

基于工作流和快速开发平台技术的企业节能减排项目管理系统设计

以工作流技术为核心对企业节能减排项目管理系统进行建模,从而使项目管理的业务逻辑和具体功能独立开来,达到项目管理的统一、有序的管理,提高管理系统的兼容性和整体协作性,使系统的组织更顺畅,工作流程更灵活、适应性更强。采用快速开发平台技术,通过参数定制的方式进行开发,相较于传统的编程开发模式,通过对智能报表、数据维护、MVC业务控制和其他参数的管理,可以方便、快速、高质量地开发复杂的业务系统。     

循环荷载波形变化对结构性软土变形及能量特性的影响

针对循环荷载波形变化对结构性软土变形的影响,以天津滨海新区临港工业区海积软土为研究对象,对其土样施加不同波形、不同幅值的循环荷载,并对不同波形、不同幅值作用下软土的耗散能发展曲线进行研究,并提出两种发展模式下的结构性软土耗散能的演化方程.结果表明,在考虑荷载波形的情况下,循环荷载幅值较小(30 kPa)时,累积塑性应变...     

Effect of mass on multimodal fuel consumption in moving people and freight in the U.S.

The United States transportation sector consumes 5 billion barrels of petroleum annually to move people and freight around the country by car, truck, train, ship and aircraft, emitting significant greenhouse gases in the process. Making the transportation system more sustainable by reducing these emissions and increasing the efficiency of this multimodal system can be achieved through several vehicle-centric strategies. We focus here on one of these strategies – reducing vehicle mass – and on collecting and developing a set of physics-based expressions to describe the effect of vehicle mass reduction on fuel consumption across transportation modes in the U.S. These expressions allow analysts to estimate fuel savings resulting from vehicle mass reductions (termed fuel reduction value, FRV), across modes, without resorting to specialized software or extensive modeling efforts, and to evaluate greenhouse gas emission and cost implications of these fuel savings. We describe how FRV differs from fuel intensity (FI) and how to properly use both of these metrics, and we provide a method to adjust FI based on mass changes and FRV. Based on this work, we estimate that a 10% vehicle mass reduction (assuming constant payload mass) results in a 2% improvement in fuel consumption for trains and light, medium, and heavy trucks, 4% for buses, and 7% for aircraft. When a 10% vehicle mass reduction is offset by an increase in an equivalent mass of payload, fuel intensity (fuel used per unit mass of payload) increases from 6% to 23%, with the largest increase being for aircraft.     

Optimum routing of battery electric vehicles: Insights using empirical data and microsimulation

This study investigates the energy consumption impact of route selection on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using empirical second-by-second Global Positioning System (GPS) commute data and traffic micro-simulation data. Drivers typically choose routes that reduce travel time and therefore travel cost. However, BEVs’ limited driving range makes energy efficient route selection of particular concern to BEV drivers. In addition, BEVs’ regenerative braking systems allow for the recovery of energy while braking, which is affected by route choices. State-of-the-art BEV energy consumption models consider a simplified constant regenerative braking energy efficiency or average speed dependent regenerative braking factors. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted a microscopic BEV energy consumption model, which captures the effect of transient behavior on BEV energy consumption and recovery while braking in a congested network. The study found that BEVs and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) had different fuel/energy-optimized traffic assignments, suggesting that different routings be recommended for electric vehicles. For the specific case study, simulation results indicate that a faster route could actually increase BEV energy consumption, and that significant energy savings were observed when BEVs utilized a longer travel time route because energy is regenerated. Finally, the study found that regenerated energy was greatly affected by facility types and congestion levels and also BEVs’ energy efficiency could be significantly influenced by regenerated energy.