运行列车引起基础—结构体系振动的三维数值分析

以ansys为计算平台,建立了列车—轨道—基础—结构的三维动力相互作用分析模型,分析了列车运行引起的环境振动问题及对周围结构的影响,结果表明:在软土情况下,列车引起的建筑物的竖向振动比较大；建筑物的振动也基本随车速的增大而在增大；轴重大的货车引起的振动响应比客车要大；改变建筑物的自身结构刚度特性对水平向加速度的改变较明...     

Small-Scale Sicilian Fisheries: Opinions of Artisanal Fishers and Sociocultural Effects in Two MPA Case Studies

Marine resource management and related stakeholder conflicts have been clearly defined in recent decades as pressing issues worldwide. This article provides a comparative study of the management regimes of the Gulf of Castellammare Fishery Reserve and the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve in Sicily, Italy. What managers in these two reserves have neglected to include in management is a social science evaluation scheme to ensure the development of more effective overall management. This is a significant problem in both Italy and the rest of the Mediterranean, where few sociocultural and economic studies have been conducted. Using data collected with standard anthropological field methods, analysis was conducted on how artisanal fishers are impacted by reserves, the extent of their knowledge regarding regulations, their opinions on management, and demographics. The results indicate that while fishers in the two case studies are all aware of the marine reserves where they fish, most fishers are not well informed of the associated regulations. Fishers feel alienated from the management process, and would feel more comfortable with reserve managers and regulations if they were involved in management. The article concludes by showing how such data could help to develop more useful and practical management practices in both these and other MPAs with similar problems.     

Gender Issues within the Population-Environment Nexus in Philippine Coastal Areas

Sixty percent of the Philippine's population resides in the coastal zone. Women and men in coastal communities depend chiefly on the sea for subsistence. Over fifty percent of the dietary protein requirements of coastal communities are derived from municipal fisheries and shallow coastal habitats (reef fishes, marine plants, and mangroves). Coastal populations are young and expanding at rates that exceed regional and national averages. Expanding human pressures and man-made disturbances (over harvesting, destructive fishing, siltation, etc.) that offset natural processes are destroying habitats and creating protein food security crises and increasing malnutrition. At the same time conflicts among users of coastal resources are escalating. Access constraints, gender inequities, and cultural barriers stymie options for women and men to plan their families and create alternative livelihoods. National and local government agencies are addressing food security concerns through vertical policies and programs (e.g., fisheries management, integrated coastal management). The IPOPCORM project uses a cross-sectoral approach and quasi-experimental evaluation design to test the hypothesis that food security will be achieved more quickly when coastal resources management (CRM) and reproductive health (RH) management are implemented together. The purpose of this article is to review the project's experience and highlight the trends observed in program monitoring and evaluation during 2001–2004, which suggest better impact on RH, CRM, and gender indicators in the sites where the synergistic approach is being applied.     

局部结构简化对船体冲击响应的影响

为了研究水下远场非接触爆炸中,局部细小结构（开孔和肘板）的简化对舱段冲击响应的影响。选用某油船舱段作为模型,根据不同简化形式建立4个不同的有限元模型,进行对比分析。结果表明：在冲击响应的计算过程中．省略局部细小结构可以保证足够的精度。     

A quantitative risk analysis by using interval type-2 fuzzy FMEA approach: the case of oil spill

ABSTRACT

Risk assessment in maritime domain is one of the most cited topics since maritime transportation poses potential hazard for human life, marine environment and property. To mitigate risk and enhance safety awareness in maritime transportation, safety researchers have been seeking proactive solutions. This article prompts a quantitative risk-based approach combining interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) to perform a comprehensive risk analysis. Thus, potential failure modes and their effects are revealed by calculating risk prioritisation numbers (RPNs). Whilst the FMEA method provides a robust risk analysing tool with relevant control options, the IT2FSs deals with ambiguity and vagueness of linguistic assessment of decision-makers through the FMEA. Hence, expert’s linguistic assessment in risk assessment can be transformed into useful information in terms of enhancing safety and pollution prevention in maritime industry. To demonstrate the proposed approach, potential failures and effects of a real shipboard oil spill case are handled. The findings show that incomplete information exchanged with local maritime authorities, malfunction of oil skimmer and poor organization of shoreline clean-up team are the most important failures during case of oil spill. The proposed approach provides not only theoretical insight into the maritime transportation industry but also practical contributions to chemical/oil tanker safety and environmental protection by mitigating risk in terms of technical or operational aspects.     

西江黄金水道建设的生态环境问题及对策研究

文章基于西江黄金水道的生态环境现状和建设规划情况,分析了在西江开发建设过程中产生的主要生态环境问题,并提出了针对性的保护对策,为协调西江开发建设与生态环境保护的关系提供理论依据。     

基于信息扩散理论的浙江通航环境风场风险分析

以浙江省各气象观测站风场数据为基础,根据信息扩散理论分析了浙江省及其沿海地区最大风速、大风天数的风险概率及其空间分布.研究表明:浙江内陆大部分区域10a一遇最大风速为15～20m/s,中部沿海为30～40m/s;7～9月是沿海大风发生风险概率较高的月份,嵊泗站冬夏季节9级以上大风概率较低,春秋季节风险概率较高;7级以上大风6d/月和12d/月的风险概率有比较明显的季节性;嵊泗站在春季、大陈岛站在10月至次年3月相比其他月份风险概率较高.     

高速公路建设期路域泥沙估算研究

为了全面考虑公路水土流失的影响因素并估算公路产沙量,从而为合理配置高速公路建设期水土流失治理措施提供依据,使用道路侵蚀模型SEDMODL2在西南喀斯特地区选取实例道路进行了水土流失估算,并使用USLE计算了路域背景水土流失量,对比分析了不同类型公路泥沙源的侵蚀强烈程度.研究结果表明,高速公路建设对路域范围内土壤侵蚀加剧...     

街道峡谷型道路交叉口交通噪声动态模拟

应用几何声学理论分析了声波在建筑群间传播过程中的直射、反射和绕射3种传播路径,并以此建立了街道峡谷型十字道路交叉口交通噪声动态计算模型.以实测的交通量、车型比例等参数作为输入,结合该计算模型和微观交通仿真对街道峡谷型十字道路交叉口交通噪声进行了动态模拟,并用实测的交通噪声数据与模拟结果进行了比较.结果表明:各出口车道附...     

张承高速公路施工场地生态恢复条件评价

在对张承高速公路施工现场生态环境现状进行调研的基础上,提出了项目区的生态环境等级。阐明了土壤类型,适宜生长的植物;对水土流失现状进行了分析、评价,提出了水土流失防治标准;评定出项目所在地的各项生态环境指标均处于三级水平,已达危险边缘,必须采取强有力的治理措施,在高速公路建设过程中,尽快恢复较好的生态环境。