从人机料法环测分析重大工程项目的质量控制

摘要：从工程项目的决策阶段到实施阶段的整个过程中,影响工程项目质量的因素主要有“人、机、料、法、环、测”等六大方面。文章论述了对这六方面的因素予以严格控制是保证重大工程项目质量的关键。     

土工管袋用于环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结的试验研究

利用小型土工管袋进行环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结试验,研究土工管袋的不同结构特征（织造方式、织造结构、等效孔径）和脱水药剂用量对环保疏浚淤泥脱水固结的影响。试验结果表明：脱水药剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）在0．6～1．0g／ks投加量下配合0．5mm等效孔径机织斜纹土工管袋组合,在疏浚淤泥脱水固结方面表现较好,但脱水药剂具体最佳用量需在实际工程中根据不同工况做适当调整。     

环境包络下的人机共同感知性交互

环境包络下的人机交互概念就是将人、机及其所处的特定环境看作为一个整体系统而进行研究,探讨相关环境影响下的交互实现过程。交互所处的环境可分为物理环境和时态环境,对特定交互影响较大的环境范围可称之为交互的相关环境,环境范围可以是空间的大小或是时间的跨度。所以对物理环境和时态环境的选取不同,也会产生交互相关环境范围的不同。一定范围不同的人机交互其相关环境也可以是交叉和重叠的。环境包络下的人机交互过程则为交互中人、机均接受不同阶段下的环境刺激,致力于达到人与机对环境感知的一致性,从而在人对环境刺激达到临界反应时,机可以放大有利反应,削减不利反应,最大程度提高可交互性。     

Quantitative Assessment of Implicit Environmental Impacts of Construction Projects

Assessment system of implicit environmental impacts was established including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantification of environmental impact indicators is based on the life cycle assessment system of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the evaluation software BEES. Normalization reference values and weights of 12 categories of environmental impacts were identified, and the environmental impact indicators in the phases of raw material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use and end of life were analyzed. By analyzing the environmental performance of a university refectory as a case study, it is demonstrated that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The total implicit environmental impact load per square meter of this project is 18.448×10~(-2) standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3% of total environmental impacts occur in the phase of raw material extraction.     

Life cycle assessment for the ＂implicit＂ environmental impact of construction projects

The paper has established an assessment system and a quantitative calculation method of the "implicit" environmental impact including environmental impact indicator, resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantitative calculation of the environmental impact indicator is based on the life cycle assessment system and the evaluation software BEES. The paper identifies normalization reference values and weights for 12 categories of the environmental impact. It also analyzes the environmental impact indicator in life cycle stages, raw materials, transportation, manufacturing, utilization, and end of life. A university refectory project is studied. The result has shown that human health, global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12 categories. The environmental impact indicator per m2 of this project is 18.448×10-2 standard human equivalent weight. Moreover, 97.3 % of the total environmental impact occurs at the raw material stage, in which the most severe environmental impact is cancerous health effect; the global warming is the main impact at the transportation and manufacturing stages; the indoor air quality impact is at the usage stage.     

路段环境交通容量模型及其求解方法

机动车排放的尾气已经成为城市空气污染的主要污染源,对路段从机动车污染物排放方面进行承载容量分析具有重要的意义。本文在对微观（路段和交叉口）环境交通容量分析的基础上,运用机动车尾气扩散箱型模式建立了路段环境交通容量计算模型;并利用正交枚举法对路段环境交通容量进行求解。该模型及其求解方法的提出可为城市规划、交通规划和交通管理决策提供参考。     

城市交通发展过程中的环境问题及对策研究

交通污染已经成为我国城市空气和噪声的主要污染源,严重影响了城市的经济发展和居民的生活质量。用牺牲环境及资源来解决交通问题是城市交通发展的一大误区。该文在分析城市交通污染现状的基础上,从可持续发展的角度,按照以人为本的理念,提出了治理交通污染的宏观政策与具体对策。     

城市自行车交通的现状及未来发展研究

该文针对我国城市交通系统中的自行车交通现状,分析了城市交通发展趋势,论证了自行车交通的地位和作用,并倡导居民出行选择自行车作为交通工具,以及对未来自行车交通的发展提出合理化建议,可供相关专业人员参考。     

发达国家公路环保措施政策及应用

系统分析和研究世界发达国家公路环保方面的政策及其措施,指出我国这方面工作的不足,有助于推动我国公路环保工作的开展。     

多孔砼路面特性及应用研究

多孔混凝土路面是一种环保型的新型路面。与普通的混凝土相比,多孔砼路面具有排水、降噪及良好的生态环保功能。