Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

剑麻纤维改性再生混合料抗冲刷性能研究

剑麻纤维的掺入对再生混合料的最佳含水量和最大干密度影响不大,且能够提高水泥稳定再生混合料的无侧限抗压强度。试验表明：剑麻纤维能够显著改善水泥稳定再生混合料的抗冲刷性能,且在一定掺量范围内,抗冲刷性能随着掺量的增加而提高。     

广东省河源市东埔河综合治理浅析

结合广东省河源市市内东埔河的综合整治,综述河道综合治理原则和措施以及治理中存在的问题,使城市与河道和谐相处,促进城市的可持续发展。     

环保型铁路贯通地线的设计和研究

介绍了合金护套铁路贯通地线与导电塑料护套铁路贯通地线的设计原理及主要性能.贯通地线是一种用于铁路综合接地系统的电缆,新型贯通地线分别采用了合金铝及导电塑料这2种新材料,解决了贯通地线的耐腐蚀、环保及接地要求.     

绞吸挖泥船抗风能力研究

绞吸式挖泥船在远海施工常常面临恶劣的环境条件,研究利用现场实际情况提高船舶的抗风能力至关重要。以绞吸式挖泥船"天凯"为研究对象,通过对环境力的分析,包括风、海流、波浪等环境因素,研究船舶在各种环境条件下受力情况,对船舶锚机建立物理模型进行数值模拟,提出锚机座改进方案,提高了船舶的抗风能力,提出船舶外海抗风方案,提高了船舶外海施工适应性和安全性。     

The link between economic and environmental performance of the top 10 U.S. ports

Ports currently face increasing demands to address a variety of environmental issues and achieve sustainability objectives. Using insights from the resource-based view of firms, this study examines the link between economic performance (EP) and environmental performance (ENP) of the top 10 U.S. seaports. Geospatial modeling is used to capture pollution incidents that can be geographically dispersed; in addition, both a bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and an undesirable DEA model are used to measure port ENP and EP. Our findings are in general consistent with assertions that positive EP can be attained in conjunction with good environmental practices. Ports’ capabilities of strategic capital investment in physical assets, collaborative interorganizational processes, and performance monitoring are essential, while they pursue both economic and environmental goals simultaneously.     

列车运行噪声的速度特性

运行速度是影响铁路列车运行噪声特性的重要因素之一.通过对列车运行噪声的现场测量,采用统计分析的数据处理方法,确定了基本条件下客运、货运列车运行噪声频谱特性与运行速度的关系.     

关于西安地铁风亭建设和后期管理的几点建议

地铁风亭是连接地铁线路地下和地面部分的重要设施,其设置方式直接关系到风井对区间隧道的通风效果,决定着地下车站的空气品质,其建筑形式对城市景观也会产生强烈的影响。通过对广州地铁风亭的外形、结构和通风效果的调研和实测,结合古城西安在建地铁线路的特点和气候特点,就如何保持风亭建筑与城市景观和谐、减小对周边环境的影响等方面对风亭建设提出几点建议。     

侵蚀和冻融环境下水泥土强度的试验研究

某些特殊地区的水泥土地基既受到环境侵蚀又受到冻融循环的影响.通过室内试验的方法,研究水泥土先经受不同浓度和不同pH值的侵蚀性溶液侵蚀下,经过反复冻融后水泥土的强度特征,并探讨其强度改变的机理.试验结果表明,水泥土的强度特性受水化学作用和冻融循环的双重影响,其中水化学作用的影响贯穿全过程,冻融的影响与冻融循环次数关系紧密.结果可为特殊环境地基的设计与工程应用提供指导作用.     

路段环境交通容量优化模型与算法研究

在分析路段环境交通容量主要影响因素的基础上,探讨了路段的污染控制约束条件,以及通行能力约束条件,建立了通行能力和污染控制约束的环境交通容量优化模型,构建了基于增广拉格朗日松弛和辅助问题原则法的模型求解算法.实例结果表明,构建的算法能够快速有效地求解这类环境交通容量优化模型.