环面型CVT凸轮加载机构迟滞特性的研究

为研究环面型CVT凸轮加载机构轴向力迟滞的影响因素,在离心力和由自旋产生的摩擦力作用下,对传统的圆柱滚子和新型的圆锥滚子两种自动加载机构进行受力分析,分别在自动加载机构静止和高速旋转时分析其轴向力迟滞特性.数值计算结果表明,在输入转矩增加和减小过程中,静止的圆柱滚子实际轴向力分别为理想轴向力的80％和120％,在高转速下,离心力使圆柱滚子产生的轴向力迟滞现象更为严重,最严重时实际轴向力只有理想轴向力的50％;而圆锥滚子静止时的轴向力分别为理想轴向力的98％和102％.高速时实际轴向力与理想轴向力的偏差在7％以内,轴向力迟滞现象显著减弱.     

配置HRB500级非预应力筋的无粘结部分预应力梁应力增量试验

对5片配置不同强度等级非预应力筋的无粘结部分预应力混凝土试验梁进行了加载试验,研究了该结构正常使用阶段和承载能力极限状态下,非预应力筋的强度等级以及高强非预应力筋配筋率对预应力筋应力增量的影响,并根据各国规范对试验梁极限应力增量的计算值与实测值进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:非预应力筋的强度等级差别及配筋率在弹性工作阶段对预应力筋的应力增量影响很小,但在混凝土开裂后至破坏阶段影响显著。各国规范极限应力增量计算值和实测值相比,我国现行规范计算结果更为安全合理。     

喀喇昆仑公路改扩建对沿线地表水的影响

为分析喀喇昆仑公路改扩建工程施工对沿线地表水环境的影响,对喀喇昆仑公路典型施工路段路侧地袁径流和冰川融水支流的水环境状况进行了现场监测和采样分析,并对K754+ 400～K788+ 000路段内公路弃渣对河道压缩情况进行了现场勘测.结果表明:喀喇昆仑公路改扩建施工对沿线地表径流中悬移质浓度、离子浓度影响很小,沿线地表径流也未受到石油类和生活污水的污染影响,局部路段路侧径流中悬移质浓度的迅速增加与汇入的冰川融水支流水质特征有显著关系.改扩建工程部分路段施工弃渣对路侧河漫滩地(老路路界至水体距离)产生了一定的挤压和占用,占用比例在12％～100％不等,但尚未对河道过水断面形成挤占.最后针对公路与河道的典型位置关系特征提出了相应的水环境保护对策.     

高速公路岩石边坡绿化养护浇水频率研究——以京承高速公路(三期)为例

为估算边坡绿化养护的浇水频率,以京承高速公路3期为例,采用环刀测试土壤含水量的方法,对2个不同坡向边坡共6个坡位的基质田间持水量、基质水分变化速率以及试验边坡4种优势植物的萎蔫系数分别进行调查.根据测试指标的调查结果,浇水频率的估算结果为6个坡位之间的浇水频率为1次～1次/10 d不等,从每个边坡3个坡位浇水频率的平均值来看,阳坡和阴坡的平均浇水频率都约为1次/13 d.将估算结果在实践中进行验证,充足降雨后,调查发现约13 ～ 15 d后植物发生萎蔫,不能维持正常生长.浇水频率的理论估算结果与实践验证结果基本相吻合,浇水频率的估算方法在岩石边坡绿化养护中具有理论指导意义.     

沉井工程施工的环境效应及防治措施

该文针对沉井施工对井周边环境的影响,提出环境效益的概念,采取合理防治措施,使工程获得最佳的经济效益和社会效益。其成果可为同类型工程设计及施工提供参考。     

大悬臂T型墩预应力盖梁的设计与计算

以珠海市高栏港高速公路新城市大道跨线桥25m装配式连续小箱梁桥的大悬臂T型墩预应力盖梁设计为实例,介绍此类盖梁的设计过程及计算模型,重点阐述盖梁活载选取不同的横向加载方式时对计算结果的影响,从而制定出适合此类盖梁设计的计算方法,可为类似工程提供参考。     

环境人格权的立法确认及其侵权责任承担

环境人格权作为以环境人格利益为客体的环境权权益,因环境权本身的价值属性决定了其进行民法立法确认的必要,即宜作为一项新型人格权在《人格权法》中予以规定,明确其权利的具体内容。而环境人格权侵权行为的特殊性,也对环境人格权侵权责任的承担提出了具体要求。但只有牢固树立环境人格权是一与生俱来的人格权益观念,才能从根本上预防环境侵害行为的发生,为大家提供一个良好的生存环境和空间。     

The Methodologies of Empowerment? A Systematic Review of the Deployment of Participation in the Coastal Zone Management Literature

Participation (e.g., stakeholder involvement) has become a central concept in the practice of environmental and coastal zone management. Research has shown that the integration of participation in coastal zone management has positive ecological and social outcomes. In the literature, however, participation is often reported in an unstructured and uncritical manner. Therefore, to find out whether and how there is a useful way to structure and characterize the way the coastal zone management literature deals with participation, we have conducted a literature review. The review was conducted and the literature structured through three central dimensions of participation, namely: power, knowledge, and (visions of) nature. The article concludes that this structured approach to participation enables us to study more systematically the role of participation and might facilitate the governance and learning processes of coastal networks.     

Testing the Effects of Constraints on Climate Change–Friendly Behavior among Groups of Australian Residents

This study explores the relationship between Australian's attitudes toward climate change impacts on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB). We hypothesize that general attitudes toward climate change, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict intended and reported behavior, and that attitude negatively influences constraints on adopting ERB. The moderating effect of residential condition (urban vs. rural contexts) was tested across these hypothesized relationships. We randomly selected 200 individuals from eight regions: Five within 50 km of the GBR Coastline and three from the Statistical Metropolitan Areas in Australia. We yielded 1,623 surveys by telephone interviews. Findings confirm our hypotheses and suggest the most important predictor of intentions is perceived behavioral control. The two groups of respondents (urban vs. rural) illustrate different relationships. This study offers insight on how managers of the GBR can effectively shape residents' behavioral tendencies that minimize human impacts on the natural environment.     

大跨度地锚式悬索桥模型设计制作与试验

以大连南部滨海大道工程主桥主跨径为460 m的悬索桥为工程背景,基于相似性原理,采用铝合金、细钢丝、细钢丝绳、锚枪、铆钉、方钢管等材料和工具加工制作了1∶50的全桥模型.本模型铝合金杆件之间采用铆钉连接,弥补了以往焊接方法时工艺复杂的缺点,引入相似调整系数这一概念,解决了大缩尺模型配重大、加载困难的问题.静力加载试验结果表明,铆钉连接是可靠的,引入相似调整系数是合理的,该模型的成功制作完成将为后续试验提供基础,并将为实桥的施工提供可靠的实验依据.