The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

造船企业80后员工特征分析及管理方法探讨

考虑到造船企业吸纳了大量的80后员工,如何有效管理这些80后员工,发挥他们的长处,营造和谐的企业氛围,为80后员工提供更好地职业发展空间,为企业创造更大价值,成为企业管理者和人力资源部门关注的焦点,通过对80后员工所处的职业阶段特点和职业心理特征的分析,提出进行有效管理激励的思路和对策。     

大坡度引水隧道无轨运输出渣方式的应用

辽西北供水工程11#支洞，断面小、坡度大，出渣运输方式是决定工期的关键控制因素。采用无轨运输出渣方式，存在以下问题：隧道纵坡坡度较大，运输渣车爬坡困难、存在严重的安全隐患；断面小，自卸车在陡坡上运行和洞内调头困难等。对此采取扩大隧道开挖断面、设置避车洞，改装车辆、确保车辆制动的可靠性；加强安全管理措施等。实践证明，采用无轨运输方式出渣具有节约工期、经济效益显著等特点，可根据实际工况加以选用。     

日工NBD320型沥青拌和设备水泥添加装置改造

在沥青混合料中添加水泥是一种较新的施工工艺。以日工NBD320型沥青拌和站为例,介绍了通过改造原粉尘计量系统,成功增加水泥添加设备的方法。通过对输送、计量、排放、控制等装置的设计,实现了水泥的自动添加。试运行结果表明其工作可靠,满足施工要求。     

当前公路管理段养护设备发展状况的调查与思考

探讨了公路管理段在体制改革过程中,机械设备发展的几种主要模式,并且对其进行了分析比较,总结了发展过程中的经验教训,提出了目前状况下机械设备发展过程中一些好的思路和做法。     

12V150柴油机水下起动性能研究

通过试验装置模拟装甲车辆水下起动,进行了多方案对比试验,分析了影响柴油机水下起动性能的几个主要因素。结果表明,配气相位和排气系统是影响柴油机水下起动性能的2个主要因素,气门重叠角越小,越有利于水下起动;脉冲排气系统较组合脉冲排气系统更有利于柴油机水下起动。     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.     

筑养路机械的节能化

针对节约能源、建设节约型社会这一主题，从筑养路机械应开发“绿色产品”、配套节能技术的柴油机设备、沥青混凝土路面机械的节能方法等几个方面，对筑养路机械的节能问题进行了分析，得出了筑养路机械行业节能化的重要性与紧通性。     

热拌沥青混合料拌和质量的控制

热拌沥青混合料的质量直接影响所铺筑路面的质量,因此必须加强热拌沥青混合料的质量控制.重点阐述了拌和设备的选型,拌和设备的检查,原材料的质量控制,试拌试铺及拌制过程中沥青混合料的质量控制,以及热拌沥青混合料各种指标的质量检测.     

履带式机械动力传动系统的故障诊断与排除

结合当前工程机械维修工作的实际情况,对主离合器、液力变矩器、驱动桥、转向离合器和转向制动器等部位的故障现象进行了深入的探讨.有针对性地提出了解决方案和具体措施,为检修提供了新的理念和方法.