跨海大桥拦阻设施实施的悬沙扩散影响分析

为保证桥梁及船舶安全,非通航孔拦阻船舶设施成为跨海大桥的重要组成部分,其实施引起的悬沙扩散对海水水质产生一定影响。以金塘大桥为例,在采用等效糙率法概化桥墩的基础上,应用二维潮流、泥沙数学模型模拟了拦阻设施实施引起的悬沙扩散分布,并对水质影响进行分析。结果表明:(1)等效糙率法在工程海域的应用可获得较好的模拟效果;(2)拦阻设施实施对海水水质的影响较为有限,西通航孔附近实施时,悬沙浓度增量达到10 mg/L的海域集中在拦阻设施北侧4.5 km至南侧6.5 km的范围内,主通航孔附近实施时的相应海域则集中在拦阻设施附近500 m范围内;(3)拦阻设施实施时,灰鳖洋产卵场的悬沙浓度增量低于5 mg/L,该海域基本不受影响。     

现代有轨电车车辆独立轮对与传统轮对曲线导向能力分界点计算

采用单轮对纯滚线判别法与整车动力学仿真方法,对现代有轨电车低地板列车采用的传统轮对与独立轮对的曲线导向性能分界点进行深入研究,为轮对选取与导向控制提供参考。从纯滚线角度分析,传统轮对曲线通过时趋向于纯滚线运动,独立轮对基本处于轮对最大横移位置,典型踏面下对应区域的线路曲线半径100~200 m为性能分界点。建立全传统轮对与全独立轮对的五模块现代有轨电车列车模型进行分析,典型踏面下各项指标结果同样表明两种轮对的性能分界点为线路曲线半径100~200 m区域。     

The impacts of connected vehicle technology on network-wide traffic operation and fuel consumption under various incident scenarios

ABSTRACT

Incidents are a major source of traffic congestion and can lead to long and unpredictable delays, deteriorating traffic operations and adverse environmental impacts. The emergence of connected vehicles and communication technologies has enabled travelers to use real-time traffic information. The ability to exchange traffic information among vehicles has tremendous potential impacts on network performance especially in the case of non-recurrent congestion. To this end, this paper utilizes a microscopic simulation model of traffic in El Paso, Texas to investigate the impacts of incidents on traffic operation and fuel consumption at different market penetration rates (MPR) of connected vehicles. Several scenarios are implemented and tested to determine the impacts of incidents on network performance in an urban area. The scenarios are defined by changing the duration of incidents and the number of lanes closed. This study also shows how communication technology affects network performance in response to congestion. The results of the study demonstrate the potential effectiveness of connected vehicle technology in improving network performance. For an incident with a duration of 900?s and MPR of 80%, total fuel consumption and total travel time decreased by approximately 20%; 26% was observed in network-wide travel time and fuel consumption at 100% MPR.     

RC空心墩等效塑性铰长度理论模型的试验研究

既有等效塑性铰长度模型考虑了诸多因素的影响，但对塑性铰形成过程中纵筋拉伸漂移影响的关注不够，针对变截面空心墩塑性铰的研究也较少。为探讨变截面空心墩塑性变形特性，建立空心墩通用的塑性铰模型，在已有试验成果的基础上，开展了5个变截面圆端空心墩的拟静力试验。考虑变截面及墩底实心段的影响，假定了墩身曲率分布，给出了变截面圆端空心墩墩顶位移能力的计算方法；基于塑性位移等效原则，推导出考虑弯曲、纵筋拉伸漂移和黏结滑移影响的塑性铰长度待定参数模型，根据文献中7个等截面和本文变截面空心墩的试验结果，对待定参数进行标定，得到等截面和变截面空心墩等效塑性铰长度的统一模型，并采用另外6个试验结果验证了所给模型的适用性。研究结果表明：由于墩底实心段、倒角和墩身变截面的共同影响，变截面圆端空心墩塑性铰区整体上移，极限状态时钢筋拉断/屈曲及混凝土压溃主要集中在墩底空心倒角上缘附近；塑性铰长度随墩高L、截面宽度h、剪跨比λ和应变渗透参数(f_yd_b/√f'_c)近似呈线性变化；既有模型给出的等截面矩形空心墩塑性铰长度结果中，Priestley、李贵乾和韦旺的估值略高；所提模型的计算结果具有更高的精度和更小的离散性，适用于估算等截面和变截面空心墩的等效塑性铰长度。     

马尔代夫某项目礁灰岩的强度及变形特性研究

本文结合某珊瑚环礁上的实际工程,通过现场和室内试验相结合的方法,对礁灰岩强度及变形特性进行了全面的测试分析,通过对礁灰岩的物理力学参数进行统计分析,提出了利用易获取的纵波波速和点荷载强度指数估算软弱礁灰岩单轴抗压强度和弹性模量的经验方程,具有较高的可靠性,可为礁灰岩力学特性研究和礁岛工程建设提供借鉴。     

服役转臂节点刚度对运营车辆动力学影响研究

运用SIMPACK软件建立CRH3型高速动车组模型,结合试验获得服役120万km转臂节点刚度变化范围,在考虑2种抗蛇行减振器、3种磨耗踏面与3种钢轨廓形匹配的实际运营工况下,仿真分析服役转臂节点刚度变化对车辆动力学性能的影响。结果表明:120万km服役转臂节点纵向刚度分布范围为90~150 MN/m,主要变化率在-10%~0%之间。在服役转臂节点刚度变化范围内,增大转臂节点纵向刚度可以降低车辆非线性临界速度及运行平稳性,并增大轮轨磨耗,其影响程度与轮轨匹配关系以及抗蛇行减振器种类关系紧密。为保证车辆运行稳定性及平稳性,建议避免使用60N(min-wear)钢轨,适当减小转臂节点刚度以及使用T60抗蛇行减振器。     

Estimating cycleway capacity and bicycle equivalent unit for electric bicycles

With the rapid increase of electric bicycles (E-bikes) in China, the heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow comprising regular bicycles and E-bikes using shared cycleway creates issues in terms of efficiency as well as safety. Capacity and bicycle equivalent units (BEUs) for E-bikes are two most important parameters for the planning, design, operation, and management of bicycle facilities. In this paper, eight traffic flow fundamental diagrams are developed for one-way cycleway capacity estimation, and a novel BEU estimation model is also proposed. Eleven datasets from different shared cycleway sections with different cycleway widths were collected in Hangzhou, China for estimation and evaluation purposes. The results indicate that, with around 70% share of E-bikes, the mean estimated capacity is 2348 bicycle/h/m. The effects on the capacity of the proportions of E-bikes, gender of cyclists, age of cyclists, and cyclists carrying things were also analyzed. The results implied that the estimated capacity is independent of a cyclist’s gender and age, but increases with the proportion of E-bikes. According to this study, the mean BEU for the E-bike is 0.66, and the converted capacities of pure regular bicycles and pure E-bikes are 1800 and 2727 bicycle/h/m, respectively. These findings can be used to propose practical countermeasures to improve the capacity of heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow on shared cycleway.     

双块式点支撑浮置板环境振动影响研究北大核心

针对钢弹簧浮置板道床结构因采用混凝土短轨枕而难以到达设计减振效果的问题,借鉴高速铁路建设经验,将双块式轨枕与点支撑道床有效结合,研发出适用于城市轨道交通的新型双块式点支撑浮置板道床结构。通过数值模拟和现场试验,对该系统的减振效果进行验证。结果表明:双块式点支撑浮置板道床结构有利于轨底坡的保持,便于轨排的组装,可以改善轮轨受力;车速80~120 km/h时,双块式点支撑浮置板道床结构试验段的减振效果达到14 dB以上,减振效果良好;该系统具有显著的经济和社会效益。     

基于多波束点云的水下柱桩及桩间距高精度确定方法

受海水介质环境复杂、桩体倾斜以及测量误差大的影响,水下圆柱桩位置的高精度、低成本、高效率确定一直是港口工程建设中的一个难点。为此,提出了一种基于多波束点云的水下圆柱桩及桩间距高精度确定方法。该方法首先基于多波束测量实现桩体及海床点云数据低成本、高效获取。考虑桩体属性信息、点云法向量和高程等几何信息,利用一种综合阈值分割方法实现了桩体点云的有效提取。还提出了顾及桩体形态、测量误差的桩体中心位置综合确定方法,实现桩体相对位置和桩间距的高精度确定。该方法得到了实际工程验证,取得了优于5 cm的桩体相对位置和桩间距确定精度。     

浅谈高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测的重点

高速公路为生态类建设项目,高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测工作,作为高速公路竣工环境保护验收调查工作的重点和重要技术支撑,为全面、科学、合理反映高速公路各监测要素和因子,从高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测类别、因子及频率入手,论述了高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测的重点。