Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Evolution of coastal hazards policies in the United States

The ocean and Great Lakes coasts of the United States are experiencing widespread economic and environmental damage from coastal flooding and erosion. During this century, public response to such coastal hazards has evolved haphazardly in response to particular disasters. Over time, however, the range of response has broadened as research has helped to refine public understanding of physical coastal processes, and specific disasters have been studied before longer term forms of institutional response have been formulated. Earlier reliance on engineered shoreline protection has been supplemented by beach nourishment, flood insurance, building and land use regulations, coastal zone planning, and other approaches. This article interprets the evolution of such public policy innovations in terms of a model that depicts the interaction of spatially differentiated systems of physical, legal, and cultural phenomena in the coastal context.     

公路建设项目中降雨因子对土壤流失量的影响分析

降雨因子对水土流失量起着决定性的作用。通过在汉十高速公路上设置实验小区，用径流小区法进行了水土流失监测，并根据数理统计原理，对水土流失量及降雨量的数据进行分析，建立回归方程，研究了降雨因子与水土流失量之间的关系，并对其结果从溅蚀和径流冲刷两个方面进行了理论分析。     

32 m超低高度混凝土T梁动力性能试验与分析

为了研究开行120km/h货车后既有铁路32m超低高度混凝土T梁的运营状况、安全性和加固对策,选取1孔32m超低高度混凝土T梁进行自振频率、挠度、振幅等主要动力性能测试。结果发现跨中横向振幅超过限值,不能满足120km/h货车运行,需要提高该梁的竖向和横向刚度。     

沥青混合料室内车辙试验隆起系数的研究

为了使室内车辙试验能够较好地模拟现场情况，分析了室内车辙板的隆起部分在整个变形中所占的比例及其影响因素。根据沥青混合料车辙试验中车辙板的变形特征，提出了车辙板侧向隆起高度的量测办法和隆起系数KL的计算方法。通过方差分析，探讨了车辙试件空隙率，试验温度、轮压、试验时间及沥青混合料类型对隆起系数KL的影响。方差分析结果表明：在上述因素中，只有试件空隙率对隆起系数有着显著的影响，且空隙率越大，隆起系数越小。在此基础上，提出了室内车辙试验隆起系数的建议值，对于现行规范中4％空隙率的车辙板而言，隆起系数可取0．5.     

城门洞形断面输水隧洞临界水深的计算方法

在城门洞形断面输水隧洞的水力计算中,其临界水深的求解方程无显函数形式的表达公式。为尝试避免传统低效的经验试算法、图解法等,通过对城门洞形断面输水隧洞临界流基本方程进行数学变换,其临界水深计算问题可归结为一非线性优化问题,再运用实数编码加速遗传算法(RAGA)求解。基于Borland JBuilder9 Enterprise环境编写了算法实现程序,对不同断面尺寸的城门洞形输水隧洞临界流进行了计算和分析。结果表明,RAGA方法具有计算速度快、精度和自动化程度高、通用性强等优点,比常用方法简便。     

高速公路建设水土流失分析及水土保持研究

高速公路的修建往往会对沿线生态环境造成很大的影响,本文以西南地区的4条高速公路为基础,阐述了高速公路建设项目水土流失的成因、特点及防治对策。将工程措施与植物措施相结合并积极地采用新方法、新技术,以期搞好高速公路水土保持工作,从而有效地改善公路沿线的生态环境。     

黄河兰州市区雁滩段河堤设计综述

该文就黄河兰州市区雁滩段河堤的水利计算以及堤线布置、堤防高程确定、河堤挡墙结构型式等内容进行了介绍。     

桥梁地基部分被淘蚀后的稳定性研究

处于斜坡上的桥梁地基常会受到冲刷淘蚀而使基底面积减小,对桥基造成不利影响。针对这一情况,研究淘蚀形状不规则的桥基稳定性计算方法和计算公式。     

基于相对变形的大变形隧道地应力反算

针对复杂地质条件下高地应力大变形隧道地应力复杂多变的特点，为满足该类隧道动态设计对地应力资料的要求，提出基于上台阶开挖后拱腰水平收敛与拱顶下沉的相对比值并结合开挖揭示的围岩情况，建立二维数值模型反算地应力的方法。以丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道为例，对该方法进行详细说明。研究表明所述方法具有无需地应力测试、计算方便的优点，施工期间可用于地应力分析、预测。中义隧道典型区段地应力反算结果表明： 1）隧道出口及2号横洞工区的地应力分布特点并不相同； 2）围岩及埋深差别不大的区段，隧道水平收敛变形出现较大差异主要是由于地应力侧压力系数不同引起的。