真3维公路设计错误检测算法的研究与实现

由于真3维公路设计与传统2维公路设计的差异,如何在真3维的环境中进行设计错误的检测,至关重要。文章针对该问题,利用数学理论进行了2种检测方法的研究,从编程和精度角度分析其优缺点,利用线段长度比较的方法对平面线设计错误进行检测,达到了很好的应用效果,并能够在进行线位调整的同时,自动给出错误的检测结果,为真3维公路设计提供了参考。     

毛坝隧道贯通误差评定

通过对隧道施工中产生的贯通误差的测量、分析,来保证隧道的正常施工。     

A lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling

This paper presents a lateral driver model for vehicle–driver closed-loop simulation at the limits of handling. An appropriate driver model can be used to evaluate the performance of vehicle chassis control systems via computer simulations before vehicle tests which incurs expenses especially at the limits of handling. The driver model consists of two parts. The first part is an upper-level controller employing force-based approach to reduce the number of unknown vehicle parameters. The feedforward part of the upper controller has been designed by using the centre of percussion. The feedback part aims to minimise ‘tangential error’, defined as the sum of body slip angle and yaw error, to match vehicle direction and road heading angle. The part is designed to regenerate an appropriate skid motion similar to that of a professional driver at the limits. The second part is a lower-level controller which converts the desired front lateral force to steering wheel angle. The lower-level controller also consists of feedforward and feedback parts. A two-degree-of-freedom bicycle model-based feedforward part provides nominal steering wheel angle, and the feedback part aims to eliminate unmodelled error. The performance of the lateral driver model has been investigated via computer simulations. It has been shown that the steering behaviours of the proposed driver model are quite close to those of a professional driver at the limits. Compared with the previously developed lateral driver models, the proposed lateral driver model shows good tracking performance at the limits of handling.     

高速公路车辙与裂缝解决过程中的误区及对策

目前国内为了片面地提高路面强度来解决抗车辙能力,在沥青混合料原材料选用和组成设计中存在着误区,出现了其它质量问题。通过误区的提出和解决对策的探讨,期望能对公路设计者、建设者和养护者们提供一些参考,减少公路病害,降低养护成本,提高公路使用质量。     

On finite sample performance of confidence intervals methods for willingness to pay measures

This paper systematically compares finite sample performances of methods to build confidence intervals for willingness to pay measures in a choice modeling context. It contributes to the field by also considering methods developed in other research fields. Various scenarios are evaluated under an extensive Monte Carlo study. Results show that the commonly used Delta method, producing symmetric intervals around the point estimate, often fails to account for skewness in the estimated willingness to pay distribution. Both the Fieller method and the likelihood ratio test inversion method produce more realistic confidence intervals for small samples. Some bootstrap methods also perform reasonably well, in terms of effective coverage. Finally, empirical data are used to illustrate an application of the methods considered.     

批量生产多循环闭式冷锻铝材成形误差机械热偶合有限元分析

在冷成形加工中因为工件和模具中的温度随时间变化而使工件的成形误差也随之变化，以前的成形误差分析仅涉及单个工件加工循环。同时考虑机械效应和热力效应对成形误差的影响，对批量生产多循环闭式冷锻铝材成形过程中工件的成形误差进行了有限元分析，给出了一个包含成形各个阶段所产生的成形误差的误差分析公式。该公式可用于诸如挤压成形等其他成形工艺。这一分析工作为高精密成形误差补偿方法的研究提供了指导。     

基于双轴速率转台的IMU440惯性测量单元快速标定方法与实验

在捷联惯导系统中,惯性器件的确定性误差是系统误差的主要原因之一。为了提高惯导系统的输出精度,必须对这一误差加以补偿。以美国Crossbow公司开发的IMU440惯性测量单元为对象进行了快速标定实验,建立了陀螺仪和加速度计的误差模型方程,提出了用于辨识陀螺仪和加速度计误差模型参数的速率和位置标定法,根据两种标定方法得到了IMU440惯性测量单元的误差模型,最后对误差模型进行了校验。实验结果表明,误差补偿后的惯性器件输出值可以很好地接近理想输出值,大大降低了捷联惯导系统的输出误差。     

光纤陀螺标度因数自适应误差补偿技术研究

根据光纤陀螺（FOG）惯性测量装置的工作原理及惯性器件参数辨识的基本原理,采用传统的三轴转台标定法对光纤陀螺标度因数进行了研究。并针对光纤陀螺标度因数影响导航精度的实际工程需要,提出一种自适应误差补偿的方法,在较大程度上可以减小光纤陀螺标度因数非线性度,利用试验比对验证,结果证明该方法能有效减小光纤陀螺标度因数的非线性度误差,进而提高导航系统的使用精度。     

A Research for Error Compensation Algorithm of Dual Range Pressure Sensor

Large range-high precision measurement has always been a challenge in the field of mechanical measurements. This paper built the input-output differential equation of Dual Range Pressure Sensor(DRPS) and gave an error compensation algorithm of DRPS after analyzing the mathematical model of DRPS. For a given situation, dynamic measurement errors of sensor parameters can be compensated by this method. Finally the accuracy and feasibility of the method were verified using Adams Software.     

雷达回波波幅推求介电常数的误差分析与提高精度方法研究

介电常数计算误差是雷达路面基层与面层厚度测试误差的主要来源。介绍了雷达回波波幅推求介电常数的原理,分析了当前三种常见雷达回波波幅推求介电常数计算公式的误差和误差来源,并结合工程实际,提出了钻孔取芯法标定介电常数以及由已建的正演模型和雷达回波信息,反算介电常数两种方法提高测试精度,分析结果显示两种方法均能有效提高基层与面层厚度测试精度,效果较好。